It is a DC motor which rotates in steps. After the electrical signal is fed to the motor, it starts to rotate in steps. The speed of the motor is dependent on the rate of input signal applied. The input applied to the motor decides the direction of rotation of the motor. The rotor is a permanent magnet which rotates.

The State transition matrix is that matrix whose product with the state vector at initial time gives the value of variable x for time t.

Crystal Oscillator is specially designed in a circuit to provide low impedance when it operates in series-resonant mode and high impedance.

The Routh Hurwitz’s Criterion states that the system is stable if and only if all the elements in the first column have same algebraic sign.

As proposed by Hendrik W. Bode a Bode Plot is simply a graphical representation used to design and analyze any control system.

A controller which controls the motor is called Variable Frequency Drive. By varying the frequency and voltage of supply it controls the motor

The Circular Convolution can be performed using two basic methods which are concentric circle method and matrix multiplication method.

An Analog to Digital converter is an electronic device which is used to convert analog signal into digital signal.

The Switched mode power supply is abbreviated as SMPS is used to convert the regulated DC output voltage from unregulated DC or AC voltage.