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Evaporation: In this process due to solar radiation, during the day time the water in the liquid form is transformed into gaseous form.
Ventilation is defined as the process by which stale air inside an enclosure is replaced by fresh air from outside.
There are mainly three types of surveys which are as follows: Reconnaissance survey, Detailed survey, Preliminary survey etc.
Piers are single unit supports carrying heavy loads and transferring them to deep-seated layers of soil or rock.They are of three types.
A cofferdam is a temporary structure designed to keep water and soil out of the excavation in which a bridge pier or other structure is built.
"Caissons" means box. Such box can be prefabricated on shore and then floated to the desired site, and is allowed to seat on prepared base.
Seismic waves are the waves which are formed by sudden breaking of rock within the earth. There are two types of waves: Body and Surface waves.
The principle of under-reamed pile foundations is the anchoring of the superstructure at a depth where the volume changes of soil are negligible.
The load carrying capacity of river ganga is reduced so the load is deposited on the bed of the river to make it shallow.
The Lime is the product which is remained after removing the moisture and carbon-dioxide from the limestone by the process of calcination.
In total, station field survey data consisting of the angles, distance and related information is stored in electric field work.
Spillway is the passage provided for disposal of surplus flood water on the downstream side without affecting stability of water.
Mineralogy is the study of minerals. It deals with understanding their origin, physicochemical properties, magnetic and optical properties.
Weir is a crest wall constructed across a river to divert raise water of river into canal. Crest wall across a river raises the water.
An estimate is defined as the process of calculating the probable quantities and costs of various items required in connection with work.
Arch dam is seen curved in plan with its convexity to the upstream side. It transfers the pressure towards the abutments by arch action.
Rivers are part of the surface water which flows from their source region to their mouth. The importance of river depend on length, width etc.