Stair:
- A stair may be defined as series of steps suitably arranged for the purpose of connecting different floors of a building.
- The enclosure of the building in which the it is located is known as a stair case.
Location:
- The stairs should be suitably located in a building as it is the any means of communication between the floors, position to be allotted to the stairs in a building requires careful considerations depending upon the purpose in each case.
- In residential buildings, the stairs should be centrally located to provide easy access to all the rooms.
- While in public buildings, stairs should be located near the entrance.
- In big buildings, there can be more than one stairs.
- If there are more than two, they should be well separated and positioned so as to afford the
- easiest and quickest service possible to the people as a whole.
- Staircase should never be located around or adjacent to elevator shafts without solid walls between them.
- It is always advisable to place the staircase against a wall for economy of space, provision of light and ventilation and ease of construction.
Requirements of a Good Stair:
- Stairs must be well planned and designed so as to provide an easy, quick and safe mode of communication between the various floors.
- Following are the general requirements which a it should fulfil:
1.Location:
- A stair should be located in buildings in a position where there is both light and ventilation.
- It should be so located as to provide easy access to the occupants of the building.
- If possible, the stair should be located centrally so as to be easily accessible from the different corners of the building.
2.Materials:
- One should construct it of sound materials and with good workmanship.
3.Width of stair:
- Width of the stair should be proper so as to carry user without much inconvenience.
- Width of stair case depends on its location and type of building.
4.Length of flight:
- A flight should not contain more than 12 steps or less than 3 steps to give comfort and safety.
5.Pitch of stair:
- The ascent and descent of a stair should be relatively easy and the proportions of going and rise should confirm to one of the following rules:
- (Going in cm) + (2x Rise in cm) = about 60 cm
- (Going in cm) + (Rise in cm) = approximately 400 to 410 cm.
6.Head room:
- Unobstructed vertical height must be provided i.e. Adequate head room must be provided.
- It should not be less than 2.1 to 2.3 m so that even a tall person can use the stair with same luggage on its head.
7.Step dimensions:
- The rise and going should be of such dimensions so to provide comfort to the users.
- Their proportion should also be such as to provide desirable pitch of the stair.
- Going should not be less than 25 cm though 30 cm going is quite comfortable.
- The rise should be between 10 cm to 15 cm.
- The width of landing should not be less than the width of stair.
8.Materials of construction:
- The material used for construction of stair should be such as to provide :
- Good workmanship
- Sufficient strength
- Fire resistance
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