Ventilation is defined as the process by which stale air inside an enclosure is replaced by fresh air from outside.
Civil
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There are mainly three types of surveys which are as follows: Reconnaissance survey, Detailed survey, Preliminary survey etc.
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Evaporation: In this process due to solar radiation, during the day time the water in the liquid form is transformed into gaseous form.
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The principle of under-reamed pile foundations is the anchoring of the superstructure at a depth where the volume changes of soil are negligible.
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In Reaction turbine, Pressure energy is first converted into kinetic energy before supplied to runner. It works on impulse reaction principle.
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Piers are single unit supports carrying heavy loads and transferring them to deep-seated layers of soil or rock.They are of three types.
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A cofferdam is a temporary structure designed to keep water and soil out of the excavation in which a bridge pier or other structure is built.
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“Caissons” means box. Such box can be prefabricated on shore and then floated to the desired site, and is allowed to seat on prepared base.
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Seismic waves are the waves which are formed by sudden breaking of rock within the earth. There are two types of waves: Body and Surface waves.