The Open System Interconnection (OSI) paradigm, which was introduced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984, is a reference model that describes how information from a software application on one computer moves over a physical medium to a software application on another computer. It consists of seven layers, each of which performs a specific network function.
The OSI model breaks the task down into seven smaller, more manageable steps. Each layer is given a specific task. Each layer is self-contained, allowing each layer’s tasks to be completed independently.
Layers
There are two layers in the OSI model: upper layers and lower layers.
Upper layer :
The OSI model’s upper layer primarily deals with application-related issues, which are only implemented in software. The application layer is the one that is closest to the user. The software applications are interacted with by both the end user and the application layer. The layer directly above another is referred to as an upper layer.
Lower layer :
The OSI model’s lower layer deals with data transport issues. Hardware and software are used to implement the data link and physical layers. The physical layer is the OSI model’s lowest layer, and it’s the one nearest to the physical media. The physical layer is primarily in charge of putting data on the physical medium. There are seven layers in the OSI model.
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