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Pumping is the process to achieve population inversion .
Faraday’s law gives the idea about how an electromotive force comes into action when a magnetic field interacts with an electric circuit.
In 1895, German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays. X-rays are electromagnetic in nature and application of X-rays are innumerable.
Total internal reflection is the complete reflection of a ray of light within the medium.
Rate of Stimulated emission depends upon the number of atoms present in the excited state as well as the energy density of photons.
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that: If the x-component of the momentum of a particle is measured with an uncertainty ∆px, then its x-position cannot, at the same time, be measured more accurately than ∆x = ℏ/(2∆px).
A cable that is used to transmit the data through fibres (threads) or plastic (glass) is known as an optical fibre cable.
Helium-Neon Laser laser is a gas laser. In this a mixture of helium and neon gas is used as a gain medium. It was the first continuous-wave laser.
The wave function contains all the information about the particle. It is not an observable quantity.
According to the De-Broglie concept, with each moving particle a wave is associated.
Plasticity is the property of the material by virtue of which it does not regain its original shape when applied force is removed.
Semiconductors are materials that have conductivity between conductors and insulators.