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Transformer

by Paurnima janrao 23/09/2021
written by Paurnima janrao 23/09/2021 0 comment

What is a transformer?

A transformer is described as a passive electrical device that transfers electrical power from one circuit to some other via the system of electromagnetic induction. It is most usually used to increase (‘step up’) or decrease (‘step down’) voltage ranges between circuits.

Working principle of transformer:

The operating principle of a transformer is quite simple. Mutual induction among  or extra windings (also referred to as coils) permits for electrical power to be transferred among circuits. This precept is defined in additional detail below.

Transformer theory:

 One winding (also referred to as a coil) which is supplied by an alternating electric supply. The alternating modern-day via the winding produces a constantly changing and alternating flux that surrounds the winding.

If another winding is introduced near this winding, some part of this alternating flux will link with the second winding. 

As this flux is usually changing in its amplitude and route, there ought to be a converting flux linkage inside the 2nd winding or coil.

Consistent with Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there could be an emf precipitated inside the 2nd winding. 

If the circuit of this secondary winding is closed, then a cutting-edge will drift via it. This is the fundamental operating principle of a transformer.

The winding which receives electric power from the source is called the ‘number one winding

The winding which offers the preferred output voltage because of mutual induction is normally called the ‘secondary winding.

A transformer that will increase voltage between the primary to secondary windings is defined as a step-up transformer. Conversely, a transformer that decreases voltage between the primary to secondary windings is defined as a step-down transformer.

Whether the transformer will increase or decrease the voltage degree depends on the relative number of turns among the primary and secondary facets of the transformer.

If there are greater activates the number one coil than the secondary coil then the voltage will lower (step down).

If there are less turns on the number one coil than the secondary coil then the voltage will grow (step up).

Transformer parts and construction:

                                  Dig.Transformer winding

The 3 primary components of a transformer:

  • Primary winding of transformer
  • magnetic core of transformer
  • secondary winding of transformer
  • primary winding of transformer

Which produces magnetic flux when it’s miles connected to an electrical source.

  • Magnetic core of transformer

The magnetic flux produced with the aid of the number one winding, so that it will pass through this low reluctance path related to secondary winding and create a closed magnetic circuit.

  • Secondary winding of transformer

The flux, produced via primary winding, passes via the center, and will hyperlink with the secondary winding. This winding additionally wounds at the same center and offers the desired output of the transformer.

Types of transformer:

Transformers can be categorised in different ways, relying upon their purpose, use, construction etc

  • Step up transformer and step down transformer

Step up transformers converts the low voltage (lv) and excessive current from the primary aspect of the transformer to the excessive voltage (hv) and occasional current price at the secondary facet of the transformer.

Step down transformers converts the excessive voltage (hv) and low cutting-edge from the number one side of the transformer to the low voltage (lv) and excessive cutting-edge price at the secondary side of the transformer.

  • 3 phase transformer and 1 phase transformer:

A three phase transformer is normally utilized in three segment strength system as it’s far more fee powerful than unmarried phase transformers. However when length topics, it is premiere to apply a bank of 3 unmarried phase transformer vs a 3 section transformer, as it’s miles less difficult to transport than one unmarried three segment transformer unit.

  • Electrical power transformer, distribution transformer and Instrument transformer:

Power transformers are generally used in transmission network for stepping up or down the voltage degree. It operates especially all through high or peak masses and has most efficiency at or near complete load.

Distribution transformer steps down the voltage for distribution cause to home or commercial customers. It has suitable voltage law and operates 24 hrs a day with maximum performance at 50% of complete load.

Tool transformers include c.T and p.T that are used to lessen excessive voltages and current to lesser values which can be measured through conventional contraptions.

  • Two winding transformer and autotransformer:

A  winding transformer is generally used in which the ratio between the excessive voltage and coffee voltage facet is greater than 2.

It is extra fee effective to an autotransformer in conditions in which the ratio between the high voltage and occasional voltage facets is less than 2.

  • core type transformer:

There are two primary sorts of transformer windings – middle type, and shell-kind. There are also berry type transformers.

A core type  transformer has  vertical legs or limbs with two horizontal sections named yoke. The core is square in form with a not unusual magnetic circuit. Cylindrical coils (hv and lv) are placed on each the limbs.

  • Shell type transformer:

A shell type transformer has a principal limb and two outer limbs. Both hv, lv coils are placed at the significant limb. The double magnetic circuit is gift.

  • Berry type transformer:

In a berry type transformer, the center looks as if the spokes of a wheel. Tightly outfitted metallic sheet tanks are used for housing this type of transformer, with transformer oil filled inside.

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