Database Management Systems
Unit I: Introduction to Database Management Systems and ER Model
Introduction, Purpose of Database Systems, Database-System Applications, View of Data, Database Languages, Database System Structure, Data Models. Database Design and ER Model: Entity, Attributes, Relationships, Constraints, Keys, Design Process, Entity-Relationship Model, ER Diagram, Design Issues, Extended E-R Features, converting ER and EER diagram into tables.
Unit II: SQL And PL/SQL
SQL: Characteristics and Advantages, SQL Data Types and Literals, DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, SQL Operators. Tables: Creating, Modifying, Deleting, Updating. SQL DML Queries: SELECT Query and clauses, Index and Sequence in SQL. Views: Creating, Dropping, Updating using Indexes, Set Operations, Predicates and Joins, Set membership, Tuple Variables, Set comparison, Ordering of Tuples, Aggregate Functions, SQL Functions, Nested Queries.PL/SQL: Concept of Stored Procedures and Functions, Cursors, Triggers, Assertions, Roles and Privileges.
Unit III: Relational Database Design
Relational Model: Basic concepts, Attributes and Domains, CODD's Rules. Relational Integrity: Domain, Referential Integrities, Enterprise Constraints. Database Design: Features of Good Relational Designs, Normalization, Atomic Domains and First Normal Form, Decomposition using Functional Dependencies, Algorithms for Decomposition, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF.
Unit IV: Database Transaction Management
Introduction to Database Transaction, Transaction states, ACID properties, Concept of Schedule, Serial Schedule. Serializability: Conflict and View, Cascaded Aborts, Recoverable and Non-recoverable Schedules. Concurrency Control: Lock-based, Time-stamp based Deadlock handling. Recovery methods: Shadow-Paging and Log-Based Recovery, Checkpoints. Log-Based Recovery: Deferred Database Modifications and Immediate Database Modifications.
Unit V: NoSQL Databases
Introduction to Distributed Database System, Advantages, Disadvantages, CAP Theorem. Types of Data: Structured, Unstructured Data and Semi-Structured Data.
NoSQL Database: Introduction, Need, Features. Types of NoSQL Databases: Key-value store, document store, graph, wide column stores, BASE Properties, Data Consistency model, ACID Vs BASE, Comparative study of RDBMS and NoSQL. MongoDB (with syntax and usage): CRUD Operations, Indexing, Aggregation, MapReduce, Replication, Sharding.
Unit VI: Advances in Databases
Emerging Databases: Active and Deductive Databases, Main Memory Databases, Semantic Databases.
Complex Data Types: Semi-Structured Data, Features of Semi-Structured Data Models. Nested Data Types: JSON, XML. Object Orientation: Object-Relational Database System, Table Inheritance, Object-Relational Mapping. Spatial Data: Geographic Data, Geometric Data.