ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-V

Unit-I: Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
Amino acids: Classification; α-Amino acids - Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions. Zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and electrophoresis.
Peptides: Classification, Determination of their primary structures-end group analysis, methods of peptide synthesis. Synthesis of peptides using N-protecting, CORE PAPER protecting and CORE PAPER activating groups - Solid-phase synthesis.
Proteins: Structure of proteins, protein denaturation and renaturation

Unit-II: Enzymes
Introduction, classification and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site of enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as example), factors affecting enzyme action, coenzymes and cofactors and their role in biological reactions, specificity of enzyme action (including stereo specificity), enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric inhibition).
Nucleic Acids
Components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides; Structure, synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine; Structure of polynucleotides.

Unit-III: Lipids
Introduction to oils and fats; common fatty acids present in oils and fats, Hydrogenation of fats and oils, Saponification value, acid value, iodine number. Reversion and rancidity. Concept of Energy in Biosystems Cells obtain energy by the oxidation of foodstuff (organic molecules). Introduction to metabolism (catabolism and anabolism). Overview of catabolic pathways of fat and protein. Interrelationship in the metabolic pathways of protein, fat and carbohydrate. Caloric value of food, standard caloric content of food types.

Unit-IV: Pharmaceutical Compounds: Structure and Importance
Classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis), Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis). An elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol, Medicinal values of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine).
Dyes
Classification, colour and constitution; Mordant and Vat dyes; Chemistry of dyeing. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange and Congo red (mechanism of Diazo Coupling); Triphenylmethane dyes - Malachite Green, and crystal violet; Phthalein dyes – Phenolphthalein and Fluorescein.