Unit 1: Basic of Environmental Studies
Definition, Nature, Scope and Importance; Components of environment: Environmental
education
Unit 2: Natural Resources: Renewable & Non-renewable Resources
Nature and natural resources their conservation and associated problems:
• Forest resources: Uses, types and importance, Joint Forest Management & Tribal population,
Deforestation and its effects
• Water resources: Distribution of water on Earth; Use, over exploitation of surface and ground
water; Dams: Benefits and problems; Flood and Drought
• Mineral resources: Mineral resources in India; Use and exploitation, Social impacts of mining
• Food resources: World food problems and food insecurities.
• Energy resources: Renewable and Non-renewable energy sources; Use of alternate energy
sources - Case studies
• Land resources: Land as a resource; Land degradation, landslides, soil erosion, desertification
• Use of resources for sustainable development
Unit 3: Ecology & Ecosystems
Concept of ecology, Population ecology, Community ecology
• Concept of an ecosystem, different types of ecosystem
• Food chains, food weds and ecological succession
• Energy flow in the ecosystem and energy flow models
Unit 4: Biodiversity & Conservation
• Biodiversity: Levels of biological diversity
• Values of biodiversity
• Hot-Spots of biodiversity, Mega-biodiversity countries
• Threat to biodiversity
• Threatened and endemic species of India
• Conservation of biodiversity (In- situ and Ex-situ)
• Ecosystem services: Ecological, Economical, Social, Ethical, Aesthetical and Informational
values

Unit 5: Environmental Pollution & Management
(a) Nature, Causes, Effects and Control measures of –
(i) Air pollution
(ii) Water pollution
(iii) Soil pollution
(iv) Noise pollution
v) Nuclear hazards
(b) Fireworks Pollution: Definition, Composition/Ingredients, effects, monitoring strategies
• Solid waste management: Causes, effects and disposal methods; Management of biomedical
and municipal solid wastes
• Disaster management: Floods, Earthquake, Cyclone and Landslides
Unit 6: Environmental Policies & Practices
• Constitutional Provisions for protecting environment- Articles 48(A), 51 A (g)
• Environmental Laws: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; The Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974;
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
• The wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• Climate change, Global warming, ENSO, Acid rain, Ozone layer depletion; Montreal and
Kyoto Protocols
Unit 7: Human Communities & Environment
• Human population growth; Impacts on environment
• Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme
• Environment and human health: Concept of health and disease; Common communicable and
Non- communicable diseases; Public awareness
• Environment movements in India: Chipko Movements, Silent Valley Movement, Movements
in Karnataka
Unit 8: Field Work Report/Project Report/Term paper (based on any one of the following
topics and to be evaluated by internal teachers only)
• Environmental assets - River/Forest/Grassland/Hill/Mountain etc.
• Environmental pollution - Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
• Study of common Plants/Insect /Birds/Wild life etc.
• Study of simple ecosystems: Pond/River/Hill slope etc.
• Municipal solid waste management and handling.