FLUID MECHANICS –II

BECVE603T

UNIT-I
LAMINAR FLOW: Steady uniform laminar flow in circular pipes; Velocity and shear stress
distribution; Hagen Poiseuille equation.
BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY: Nominal thickness, displacement thickness, momentum
thickness of the boundary layer: Boundary layer along a long thin plate and its characteristics;
Laminar boundary layer; turbulent boundary layer; laminar sub-layer: Separation of boundary
layer on plane and curved surfaces.
REAL, INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW AROUND IMMERSED BODIES: General
definition of drag and lift; Flow past plates, cylinders and spheres; drag on sphere, cylinder and
flat plate.

UNIT-II
FLOW THROUGH PIPES:
Hydraulically smooth and rough pipes; Frictional resistance to flow of fluid in smooth and rough
pipes; Nikurade’s experiment; Moody’s chart; Darcy-Weisbach & Hazen- William’s equation for
frictional head loss; Hydraulic gradient and energy gradient: Pipes in series and parallel;
Branched pipes; Siphon; transmission of power through pipes; Hardy-Cross method of pipe
networks; Water-hammer, pressure head due to sudden closure of valve.
UNIT-III
FLOW THROUGH OPEN CHANNEL:
(A)GENERAL: Types of channel and their geometrical properties; Types of flow in open
channel.
(B) UNIFORM FLOW: Chezy’s and Manning’s equations; Hydraulically most efficient
rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal sections; Computations of normal depth of flow,
conveyance of channel, section factor for uniform flow, normal slope and normal discharge.
(C) CRITICAL FLOW: Specific energy and its diagram; alternate depths; Computations of
critical depth, section factor for critical flow, critical slope; normal, critical slope; Specific force
and its diagram; Conditions of critical flow.
UNIT-IV
(A) APPLICATIONS OF SPECIFIC ENERGY, gradual transitions of channels.
(B) GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW: Dynamic equation for GVF; Classification and
characteristics of surface profiles; Direct Step method of computing profile length.
(C) RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW: Definition of hydraulic jump; Equation of hydraulic jump in
horizontal, rectangular channel; Length & height of jump; Energy loss in jump; Classifications of
jump.
UNIT-V
HYDRAULIC MODELS: Difference between model and prototype; Similitude- type of
similarities; Model Laws- Reynolds model law and Froude model law; Types of model-distorted,
undistorted; Froude’s method of determining resistance to partially submerged objects like ship.

UNIT-VI
FLUID MACHINERY:
(A) TURBINES: Definition: Gross and net heads; different efficiencies; Classification of
turbines; component parts and working principles; selection of turbines on the basis of head and
specific speed.
(B) RECIPROCATING PUMPS: Components parts, working principle, Work done of single
& double acting pumps; Negative slip, Air vessels – Working principle and necessity.
(C) CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: Component parts; Working principle; Static and manometric
heads; different efficiencies; Priming & priming devices, Specific speed; Theoretical aspects of
multistage pumps; Trouble & remedies; operating characteristics curves. Selection of pumps,
system head curves and pump head curves. Model testing of pumps

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics- Dr.Modi & Dr. Seth
2. Fluid Mechanics-Streeter & Wylie
3. Fluid Mechanics- Dr. A.K.Jain
4. Fluid Mechanics through problems- Garde
5. Theory and applications of Fluid Mechanics- K. Subramanya
6. Foundation of Fluid Mechanics-Yuan
7. Flow through open channel – K.G.Rangaraju