Concrete Technology

Unit – I Cement
Chemistry of Cement, Main constituents of cement Hydration of cement, Water required, Physical properties
and testing of cement, Soundness test. Hardening and compressive strength Grades and different types of
cements. Ordinary Portland cement, Rapid Hardening Cement, B.B. Blast furnace slag cement, Low heat
Portland cement, Portland pozzolones cement, Portland flyash cement, Sulphate resisting cement. Field test,
Aggregates : Sources of aggregates, classification and nomenclature. Coarse and fine aggregate, normal weight
(light and heavy weight aggregates). Aggregate characteristics and their significance in strength, workability,
placement and compartion of concrete.Sampling. Particle shape and texture, Bond of aggregate, size & grading
of aggregate strength of aggregates Mechanical properties and test-Specific gravity, Bulk density, porosity
absorption of aggregates, moisture content of aggregate, bulking of sand abrasion test, impact value. Sieve
analysisDeleterious substances in aggregates, organic impurities class and other fine material etc.
Water : Quality of water for concrete mixing, suitability.
Unit – II
Fresh concrete : Batching, Mechanical mixers, automatic batching and mixing plants. Efficiency of mixing.
Workability Measurement – Slump cont test, compacting factor test, flow table, Vee-Bee consistometer, Factor
affecting workability, setting time. W/C Law Significance of w/c ratio cohesiveness.Segregation, bleeding,

voids, permeability.Hot weather concreting.Underwater concreting, Conveyance of concrete, Placing of
concrete.Compaction-vibrators. Curing of concrete Significance, methods of curing, Temperature effect on
during& strength gain. IS code on curing.Maturity of concrete.
Unit - III

Strength of concrete-
Gain of strength, Wet ratio, Factor affecting compressive strength w/c ratio. Type of cement, air entrainment,

aggregates, mixing water, Admixtures, curing conditions. Tensile and flexural strength.Relation between
cracking in compression.Impact strength fatigue strength. Shear strength, Bond between concrete &
reinforcement. Modulus of elasticity, Poison’s ratio.

Testing of Hardnessof Concrete: Compression test-cube strength & cylinder strength their relation, effect of
aspect ratio on strength. Flexural strength of concrete, Determination of tensile strength.Indirect tension
test.Splitting test.Abrasion resistance.Accelerated curing test.
Unit – IV
Mix Design – Process, Statistical relation between mean & characteristic strength, Variance, Standard
deviation. Factor affection mix properties. Grading of aggregate, aggregate/ cement ration etc. Degree of
quality control. Design mix by Road note no. 4 (BS). IS:10262:2009.

Additives and Admixtures: Types of admixtures, Natural products-DietomaceousearthBy products-
Pozzolones. Fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, , G.G. blast furnace slag. Admixturers-air encraining, water

reducing, acceletors, retarders, plasticizers & Super plasticizers, permeability reducing,surface
harderners.Corrosion inhibitors & water proofing agents.

Unit – V
Special concrete : Self compacting concrete, High performance concrete, fiber reinforced & polymer
concrete, Ferro cement, Shortcrete pumped concrete, Free flow concrete.
Shrinkage-Early volume changes, drying shrinkage, mechanism of shrinkage.Factor affecting shrinkage.
Influence of curing & storage conditions. Differential shrinkage.Carbonation shrinkage.Creep-Factors
influencing.Relation between creep & time, nature of creep, effect of creep.
Unit – VI
Durability of concrete-significance water as an agent of deterioration. Permeability of concrete, Efflorescence.
Distress in concrete structures and its causes, cuses of deterioration of concrete.
Cracks in concrete: Causes, types, prevention, repairs of craqcks – materials and methods
Non Destructive tests.