FLUID MECHANICS
Course Code-ME302

Module I
Fluids and Their Properties: Introduction of fluid, fluid classifications, hypothesis of continuum,
Shear stress in a moving fluid, molecular structure of material, fluid density, viscosity, causes of
viscosity in gases and liquids, surface tension, capillary effect, vapor pressure, cavitation,
compressibility and the bulk modulus
Module II
Pressures and Head: Types of Pressure, Pascal’s law of pressure at a point, variation of pressure
vertically in a fluid under gravity, equality of pressure at the same level in a static fluid, general
equation for the variation of pressure due to gravity from a point to point in a static fluid,
pressure and head, the hydrostatic paradox, pressure measurements using Elastic Pressure
Transducers, Force Balance Pressure gauge, Electrical Pressure Transducers
Module III
Static Forces on Surface and Buoyancy: Fluid static, action of fluid pressure on surface, resultant
force and center of pressure on a plane surface under uniform pressure, resultant force and center
of pressure on a plane surface immersed in a liquid, pressure diagrams, forces on a curved
surface due to hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, equilibrium of floating bodies, stability of a
submerged body, stability of floating bodies, determination of the metacentric height,
etermination of the position of the metacentre relative to the center of buoyancy
Module IV
The Energy Equation and its Application: Momentum and fluid flow, Momentum equation for 2-
D and 3-D flow along a stream line, momentum correction factor, Euler’s equation of motion
along a stream line, Mechanical energy of a flowing fluid – Bernoulli’s theorem, kinetic energy
correction factor, pitot tube, determination of volumetric flow rate via pitot tube, changes of
pressure in tapering pipe, principle of venturimeter, pipe orifices, theory of small orifices
discharging to atmosphere, theory of large orifices, Rotameter, elementary theory of notches and
weirs, flow in a curved path
Module V
Dimensional Analysis And Similarities: Dimension reasoning, dimensional homogeneity,
dimensional analysis using Rayleigh’s method, Buckingham π-theorem, significance of
dimensionless, use of dimensionless numbers in experimental investigation, geometric similarity,
dynamic similarity, Kinematic similarity, model testing-Model laws, Undistorted and Distorted
models.
Module VI
Viscous Flow: Reynolds number and Reynolds experiment, flow of viscous fluid through
circular pipe- Hagen Poiseuille formula, Flow of viscous fluid between two parallel fixed plates,
power absorbed in viscous flow through - journal, foot step and collar bearing , movement of
piston in dash pot, methods of measurement of viscosity Turbulent Flow: Expression for
coefficient of friction -Darchy Weishbach Equation, Moody diagram resistance of smooth and
rough pipes shear stress and velocity distribution in turbulent flow through pipes.
Module VII
Flow through pipes: Major energy losses, Minor energy losses, Hydraulic gradient and total
energy lines, Pipes in series and parallel, Equivalent pipes, Siphon, power transmission through
pipe, Flow through nozzle at end of pipe, Water hammer in pipes
Compressible Flow: Basic equations for one dimensional compression, Pressure wave
propagation, sound velocity in fluid, Mach number, Stagnation properties
Reference Books:
1. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering by D.S. Kumar, S.K.Kataria & Sons
2. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.K. Bansal, Laxmi Publications
3. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.K. Rajput, S.Chand & Co.
4. Fluid Mechanics by Frank .M. White, McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
5. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics by Munson, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd
6. Fluid Mechanics by A. K. Mohanty, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
7. Laboratory Manual Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines by R V Raikar