DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

1 Introduction: A historical perspective in the development of digital
communication, Elements of digital communication system.

Source encoding: Pulse code modulation, quantization noise, linear and non-
linear quantization, companding. Differential pulse code modulation, delta modulation, adaptive delta modulation, Delta sigma modulation, linear
predictive coders.

2 Multiplexing: Introduction to different type of multiplexing, Frequency
Division & Time Division Multiplexing, Multiplexing hierarchy, synchronous
and asynchronous multiplexing, pulse staffing and word staffing.
Baseband transmission: Baseband signal receiver, integrate and dump type
filter probability of error calculations, optimum filters, coherent reception,
matched filter and its transfer function. Probability of error of matched filter.
Regenerative repeater, Bit synchronization, In-phase and mid-phase
synchronizer. Early late gate synchronizer. Frame synchronization.

3 Different type of line coding: UPNRZ, UPRZ, PNRZ, PRZ, Manchester,
differential encoding and their spectral characteristic, self synchronization
properties of some of the encoded signal.
Equalization: Inter symbol interference (ISI), Purpose of equalization, Eye
pattern, Nyquist criterion for zero ISI, fixed equalizer. Design of equalizer,
Adaptive equalizer, Decision directed equalizer, Adaptive decision directed
equalizer, Partial response signaling.

4 Digital modulation techniques: BPSK, DPSK. BFSK, MARY-PSK & -FSK,
QPSK, MSK principles, QASK, Error calculation.
Spread-spectrum modulation: Pseudo-Noise Sequence, A notion of Spread Spectrum, Direct-Sequence Spread- Spectrum with Coherent Binary Phase-
Shift Keying, Processing Gain, Probability of Error, Frequency-hop Spread Spectrum, Code-Division Multiple Access

5 Information theory and coding: Concept and measure of information,
Entropy, Discrete and continuous messages, Message source, zero memory
sources, extension of zero memory source, Markov source and their entropy,
Channel with and without memory, Channel capacity, Hartlay and Shannon’s
law.
Properties of code: Uniquely decodable codes, Instantaneous codes, Kraft
inequality and Macmillion inequality, Construction of instantaneous codes,
Hoffman and Shannon-Fano coding, Error Coding.

Text Books:
1. S.Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
2. B.Sklar, Digital Communications, 2 nd Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2009.
3. John G.Proakis, Digital Communications, 3 rd edition, McGraw Hill,