Applied Chemistry

UNIT-I Water Conditioning
Industrial: Types units of hardness; Softening; (principle, reactions, advantage, limitation Comparison of) Lime-Soda (no methods), Zeolite, de-mineralization process; Numericals on lime-soda and Zeolite process; Boiler Troubles(causes, Effect on boiler operation & methods of prevention) Carry over-priming foaming; Scale sludge, caustic embrittlement, Boiler corrosion; Internal conditioning-(phosphate, carbonate, calgon).
Domestic: coagulation & sterilization using UV, ozone, chlorine, Break point chlorination.

UNIT-II Corrosion and Battery Science
Introduction, Cause and Consequences of corrosion, Factors influencing corrosion Chemical & electrochemical corrosion. Mechanisms of electrochemical corrosion; Pilling-Bedworth rule; Differential aeration theory of corrosion.
Types of corrosion and Preventive Methods: Pitting; Inter granular, Stress, Waterline Corrosion; Corrosion prevention a) Design & material selection, b) Cathodic & anodic protection, c) protective surface coating- (only principle Methods not required)-tinning, galvanizing & powder coating, metal cladding and electroplating.
Battery: Secondary - Nickel-cadmium. Fuel cell applications, advantages and limitations eg Alkaline Fuel Cell.

UNIT-III Materials and Green Chemistry
Cement: Portland cement: Raw material, manufacture, process parameters, role of microscopic constituents, Properties:-Setting & hardening; heat of hydration, soundness; Types (characteristics, application) High alumina, White, Rapid hardening, Ready Mix Concrete, flyash (properties, advantage, limitation, application) as cementing material.
Green Chemistry: Introduction, principles, concept of carbon credits.

UNIT-IV Fuels and Energy
Fuels: Introduction: Calorific value, HCV & LCV; Determination of CV by Bomb & Boy‟s calorimeter; numericals; Solid fuels:- significance of proximate and Ultimate analysis; numericals (Dulongs formula).
Liquid and Gaseous fuels:- bubble tower fractional distillation of crude oil (boiling point wise separation only); Knocking in IC & Compression engine; Octane & Cetane number, Doping agents (Antiknocking, Anti oxidants, antiicing) Fisher-tropsch process of manufacture of synthetic gasoline; catalytic cracking (Only Principal, Definition, reactions and catalysts used, Advantage, Method of fixed bed & fluid bed not required) Bio-diesel, CNG (Composition, properties, advantages, limitations, applications, method of preparation not needed).

UNIT-V Lubrication and Combustion Calculations
Lubricants: Introduction, mechanism; Hydrodynamic, boundary & extreme pressure lubrication; Classification-solid, semisolid & liquid lubricants; Biodegradable lubricants (properties, application, advantage limitation); Properties of greases:- Drop test & consistency test; Properties of liquid lubricants (definition, significance) flash & fire point, viscosity & viscosity index, Cloud & Pour Point: Criteria for selection of lubricant- IC engine, refrigeration, gear, transformer, steam turbine, delicate mechanical system.
Numericals on Combustion estimations.