Unit 1 Accounting standards issued by ICAI and Inventory valuation
• Accounting standards: Concepts,benefits,proceduresforissueofaccountingstandardsVariousAS : AS – 1: Disclosure of Accounting Policies Purpose, Areas of Policies, Disclosure of Policies, Disclosure of Change in Policies, Illustrations AS–2:Valuationof Inventories (Stock) Meaning, Definition, Applicability, Measurement to f Inventory, Disclosure in Final Account, Explanation with Illustrations. AS – 9: Revenue Recognition Meaning and Scope, Transactions excluded, Sale of Goods, Rendering of Services, Effects of Uncertainties, Disclosure, Illustrations.
• Inventory Valuation Meaning of inventories Cost for inventory valuation Inventory systems : Periodic Inventory system and Perpetual Inventory System Valuation: Meaning and importance Methods of Stock Valuation as per AS – 2 : FIFO and Weighted Average Method Computation of valuation of inventory as on balance sheet date: If inventory is taken on a date after the balance sheet or before the balance sheet.

Unit 2 Final Accounts
Expenditure: Capital, Revenue Receipts: Capital, Revenue Adjustment and Closing Entries Final accounts of Manufacturing concerns (Proprietary Firm).

Unit 3 Departmental Accounts
Meaning, Basis of Allocation of Expenses and Incomes/Receipts, Inter Departmental Transfer : at Cost Price and Invoice Price Stock Reserve, Departmental Trading and Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet.

Unit 4 Accounting for Hire Purchase
Meaning Calculation of interest, Accounting for hire purchase transactions by asset purchase method based on full cash price, Journal entries, ledger accounts and disclosure in balance sheet for hirer and vendor(excluding default, repossession and calculation of cash price).

Unit 1 Business
Introduction: Concept, Functions, Scope and Significance of business. Traditional
and Modern Concept of business.
Objectives of Business: Steps in setting business objectives, classification of
business objectives, Reconciliation of Economic and Social Objectives.
New Trends in Business: Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and
Globalization, Strategy alternatives in the changing scenario, Restructuring and
turnaround strategies

Unit 2 Business Environment

Introduction: Concept and Importance of business environment, Inter-
relationship between Business and Environment

Constituents of Business Environment: Internal and External Environment,
Educational Environment and its impact, International Environment – Current
Trends in the World, International Trading Environment – WTO and Trading Blocs
and their impact on Indian Business.

Unit 3 Project Planning
Introduction: Business Planning Process; Concept and importance of Project
Planning; Project Report; feasibility Study types and its importance
Business Unit Promotion: Concept and Stages of Business Unit Promotion,
Location – Factors determining location, and Role of Government in Promotion.
Statutory Requirements in Promoting Business Unit: Licensing and Registration
procedure, Filling returns and other documents, Other important legal provisions.

Unit 4 Entrepreneurship
Introduction: Concept and importance of entrepreneurship, factors Contributing to
Growth of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur and Manager, Entrepreneur and
Intrapreneur
The Entrepreneurs: Types of Entrepreneurs, Competencies of an
Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship Training and Development centers in
India. Incentives to Entrepreneurs in India.
Women Entrepreneurs: Problems and Promotion.

Unit 1 Introduction
Scope and Importance of Business Economics - basic tools- Opportunity Cost
principle- Incremental and Marginal Concepts. Basic economic relations -
functional relations: equations- Total, Average and Marginal relations- use of
Marginal analysis in decision making,
The basics of market demand, market supply and equilibrium price- shifts in the
demand and supply curves and equilibrium.

Unit 2 Demand Analysis
Demand Function - nature of demand curve under different markets
Meaning, significance, types and measurement of elasticity of demand (Price,
income cross and promotional)- relationship between elasticity of demand and
revenue concepts
Demand estimation and forecasting: Meaning and significance - methods of
demand estimation : survey and statistical methods ( numerical illustrations on
trend analysis and simple linear regression).

Unit 3 Supply and Production Decisions
Production function: short run analysis with Law of Variable Proportions-
Production function with two variable inputs- isoquants, ridge lines and least cost

combination of inputs- Long run production function and Laws of Returns to Scale
- expansion path - Economies and diseconomies of Scale and economies of scope.

Unit 4 Cost of Production
Cost concepts: Accounting cost and economic cost, implicit and explicit cost,
social and private cost, historical cost and replacement cost, sunk cost and
incremental cost -fixed and variable cost - total, average and marginal cost - Cost
Output Relationship in the Short Run and Long Run (hypothetical numerical
problems to be discussed)
Extensions of cost analysis: cost reduction through experience - LAC and Learning
curve - Break even analysis (with business applications).

                                                                                                                      Business Communication - I

Unit  1: Theory of Communication
Concept of Communication:Meaning, Definition, Process, Need,
FeedbackEmergence of Communication as a key concept in the Corporate and
Global worldImpact of technological advancements on Communication

Channels and Objectives of Communication:Channels-
Formal and Informal- Vertical, Horizontal, Diagonal, Grapevine

Objectives of Communication: Information, Advice, Order and Instruction,
Persuasion, Motivation, Education,Warning, and Boosting the Morale of
Employees(A brief introduction to these objectives to be given)
Methods and Modes of Communication:
Methods: Verbal and Nonverbal, Characteristics of Verbal Communication
Characteristics of Non-verbal Communication, Business Etiquette
Modes: Telephone and SMS Communication 3 (General introduction to Telegram
to be given) Facsimile Communication [Fax]
Computers and E- communication Video and Satellite Conferencing

Unit: 2 Obstacles to Communication in Business World
Problems in Communication /Barriers to Communication:
Physical/ Semantic/Language / Socio-Cultural / Psychological / Barriers, Ways to
Overcome these Barriers
Listening: Importance of Listening Skills, Cultivating good Listening Skills – 4
Introduction to Business Ethics:
Concept and Interpretation, Importance of Business Ethics, Personal Integrity at
the workplace, Business Ethics and media, Computer Ethics, Corporate Social
Responsibility
Teachers can adopt a case study approach and address issues such as the
following so as to orient and sensitize the student community to actual business
practices:
Surrogate Advertising, Patents and Intellectual Property Rights, Dumping of
Medical/E-waste,
Human Rights Violations and Discrimination on the basis of gender, race, caste,
religion, appearance and sexual orientation at the workplace
Piracy, Insurance, Child Labour

Unit  3 Business Correspondence
Theory of Business Letter Writing:
Parts, Structure, Layouts—Full Block, Modified Block, Semi - Block Principles of
Effective Letter Writing, Principles of effective Email Writing,
Personnel Correspondence:
Statement of Purpose, Job Application Letter and Resume, Letter of Acceptance of
Job Offer, Letter of Resignation
[Letter of Appointment, Promotion and Termination, Letter of Recommendation
(to be taught but not to be tested in the examination)]

Unit  4 Language and Writing Skills
Commercial Terms used in Business Communication
Paragraph Writing:
Developing an idea, using appropriate linking devices, etc
Cohesion and Coherence, self-editing, etc [Interpretation of technical data,
Composition on a given situation, a short informal report etc.]
Activities
Listening Comprehension
Remedial Teaching
Speaking Skills: Presenting a News Item, Dialogue and Speeches
Paragraph Writing: Preparation of the first draft, Revision and Self – Editing,
Rules of spelling.
Reading Comprehension: Analysis of texts from the fields of Commerce and
Management

Unit 1 Shares and Mutual Funds
• Shares: Concept of share, face value, market value, dividend, equity shares,
preferential shares, bonus shares. Simple examples.
• Mutual Funds: Simple problems on calculation of Net income after considering
entry load, dividend, change in Net Asset Value (N.A.V.) and exit load.
Averaging of price under the Systematic Investment Plan (S.I.P.)

Unit 2 Permutation, Combination and Linear Programming Problems
• Permutation and Combination: Factorial Notation, Fundamental principle of
counting, Permutation as arrangement, Simple examples, combination as
selection, Simple examples, Relation between n Crandn Pr Examples on

commercial application of permutation and combination
• Linear Programming Problem Sketching of graphs of (i) linear equation Ax +
By + C= 0 (ii) linear inequalities. Mathematical Formulation of Linear
Programming Problems upto 3 variables. Solution of Linear Programming
Problems using graphical method up to two variables.

Unit 3 Summarization Measures
• Measures of Central Tendencies: Definition of Average, Types of Averages:
Arithmetic Mean, Median, and Mode for grouped as well as ungrouped data.
Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles. Using Ogive locate median and Quartiles.
Using Histogram locate mode. Combined and Weighted mean.
• Measures of Dispersions: Concept and idea of dispersion. Various measures
Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance,
Combined Variance.

Unit 4 Elementary Probability Theory
• Probability Theory: Concept of random experiment/trial and possible
outcomes; Sample Space and Discrete Sample Space; Events their types,
Algebra of Events, Mutually Exclusive and Exhaustive Events, Complimentary
events.Classical definition of Probability, Addition theorem (without
proof), conditional probability.Independence of Events: P( A ∩ B ) = P(A) P(B).
Simple examples.
• Random Variable: Probability distribution of a discrete random variable;
Expectation and Variance of random variable, simple examples on probability
distributions.

Unit 5 Decision Theory
Decision making situation, Decision maker, Courses of Action, States of Nature,
Pay-off and Pay-off matrix; Decision making under uncertainty, Maximin,
Maximax, Minimax regret and Laplace criteria; simple examples to find optimum
decision. Formulation of Payoff Matrix. Decision making under Risk, Expected
Monetary Value (EMV); Decision Tree; Simple Examples based on EMV. Expected
Opportunity Loss (EOL), simple examples based on EOL.

Unit 1 Environment and Ecosystem
Environment: Meaning, definition, scope and its components; concept of an
ecosystem : definition, Characteristics, components and types, functioning and
structure; Food Chain and Food Web- Ecological Pyramids - Man and environment
relationship; Importance and scope of Environmental Studies.

Unit 2 Natural Resources and Sustainable Development
Meaning and definitions ; Classification and types of resources, factors influencing
resource; Resource conservation- meaning and methods- l and non-conventional
resources, problems associated with and management of water, forest and energy
resources- resource utilization and sustainable development

Unit 3 Populations and Emerging Issues of Development
Population explosion in the world and in India and arising concerns- Demographic
Transition Theory - pattern of population growth in the world and in India and
associated problems - Measures taken to control population growth in India;
Human population and environement- Environment and Human Health – Human
Development Index – The World Happiness Index

Unit 4 Urbanisation and Environment

Concept of Urbanisation– Problems of migration and urban environment-
changing landuse, crowding and stress on urban resources, degradation of air and

water, loss of soil cover impact on biodiversity, Urban heat islands – Emerging
Smart Cities and safe cities in India - Sustainable Cities

Unit 5 Reading of Thematic Maps and Map Filling
Reading of Thematic Maps(4 Lectures)
Located bars, Circles, Pie charts, Isopleths, Choroplethand Flow map, Pictograms -
Only reading and interpretation.
Map Filling: (4 Lectures)
Map filling of World (Environmentally significant features) using point, line and
polygon segment.
Concept and Calculation of Ecological Footprint.