202048 - Applied Thermodynamics

Credits 04

Unit I Basics of Refrigeration and Psychrometry
Refrigeration: Reversed Carnot Cycle, unit of refrigeration, Simple Vapour Compression Cycle (VCC), Refrigerating Effect, Compressor Power & COP. Simple Vapor Absorption Cycle (VAC), Comparison between VCC & VAC.
Psychrometry: Introduction, Psychrometry and Psychrometric Properties, Basic Terminologies & Psychrometric Relations, Psychrometric Processes, Psychrometric Chart.

Unit II Introduction to Internal Combustion (IC) Engine
IC Engine: Components and Construction details, Terminology, Classification, Applications, Intake and exhaust system, Valves actuating mechanisms, Valve timing diagram.
Fuel, Air and Actual Cycle: Air-standard cycles, fuel air cycles, and actual cycles, Effects of variables on performance, various losses, and Comparison of Air standard with Fuel and Actual cycle.

Unit III SI and CI Engines
SI Engines: Theory of Carburetion and Types of Carburetor, Working of Simple Carburetor, Electronic Fuel Injection System, Combustion stages in SI engines, Abnormal Combustion, Theory of Detonation and Parameters affecting detonations, Rating of fuels in SI engines, Combustion Chambers used in SI Engine.
CI Engines: Fuel Injection system, Construction and Working of Fuel Pump, Fuel Injector and Various types of Nozzle, Combustion stages in CI engines, Theory of knocking and Parameters affecting knocking, Rating of fuels in CI engines, Combustion Chambers used in CI Engines.

Unit IV IC Engine Testing and Emission
Engine Testing: Engine Testing Procedure, Measurement of indicated power, Brake power, fuel consumption, Air Consumption, Measurement of friction power by Willan’s Line Method and Morse Test, calculation of mean effective pressure, various efficiencies, specific fuel consumption, heat balance sheet of IC Engines and performance Characteristic curves.

Emission & Control: Introduction to Indian Driving Cycle (IDC), European Driving Cycle (EDC), SI and CI Engines Emission and controlling methods, Methods to measure emission such as (Non Dispersive Infrared Red (NDIR), Flame Ionization Detector (FID), Chemiluminescent Analyzer, Smoke meter), Euro Norms and Bharat Stage Norms.

Unit V Engine Systems and Alternative Fuels
Cooling system: Air Cooling, Liquid cooling, Lubrication system: Objectives of lubrication system, properties of lubricant, Methods of lubrication system, Ignition system: battery coil ignition system, magneto ignition system, Electronics Ignition (CDI, TCI), Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) & spark advance. Supercharging and Turbo-charging.
Alternative Fuels: Bio-diesel, Ethanol, LPG, CNG and Hydrogen.

Unit VI Compressor
Reciprocating Compressor: Applications of compressed air, single stage compressor (without clearance and with clearance volume), volumetric efficiency, isothermal efficiency, effect of clearance volume, free air delivery (FAD), actual indicator diagram for air compressor, Multi staging of compressor, optimum intermediate pressure, intercooler, after cooler, Capacity control of compressors.
Rotary Compressors: Roots blower, Vane type, Screw compressor and Scroll compressor.

Books & Other Resources

Text Books
1. Arora C. P., “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, Tata McGraw-Hill
2. V. Ganesan, “Internal Combustion Engines”, Tata McGraw-Hill
3. M. L. Mathur and R.P. Sharma, “A course in Internal combustion engines”, Dhanpat Rai & Co.
4. H.N. Gupta, “Fundamentals of Internal Combustion Engines”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Reference Books
1. Dossat Ray J, “Principles of refrigeration, S.I. version”, Willey Eastern Ltd, 2000
2. Heywood, “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals”, Tata McGraw-Hill
3. Domkundwar & Domkundwar, “Internal Combustion Engine”, Dhanpat Rai & Co.
4. R. Yadav, “Internal Combustion Engine”, Central Book Depot, Ahmedabad.
5. S.Domkundwar,C.P. Kothandaraman,A.Domkundwar,“Thermal Engineering”,DhanpatRai & Co.