301012: Waste Water Engineering

Unit I: Sanitation Infrastructure System (06 Hours)
Sanitation infrastructure and wastewater quantification: wastewater, sources and types, need
for safe sanitation, importance of sanitation infrastructure (centralized, decentralized, onsite
and offsite sanitation), wastewater collection and conveyance, quantitative estimation of
wastewater, sewage, storm water, self-cleansing velocity and non-scouring velocity in
sanitary sewer, hydraulic design of circular sanitary sewer, necessity and location of pumping
station. Wastewater characteristics: methods of sampling, conventional and emerging
contaminants (physical, chemical and biological) in domestic and industrial wastewater
(sugar, dairy, distillery), treatability index, effluent discharge standards as per CPCB norms.
Self-purification of natural streams: oxygen sag curve, Streeter - Phelps equation and
terminology (without derivation and numerical), application and limitations.

Unit II: Preliminary and Primary Wastewater Treatment (06 Hours)
Treatment: stages, (preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment), sewage/effluent
treatment plant - flow diagram, unit operation and process, preliminary and primary
treatment, screens: types, hydraulics, velocity and head loss, design of screens, disposal of
screenings. Grit chamber: sources of grit, importance of grit chamber, types, control of
velocity, proportional flow weir, parshall flume, design of grit chamber, disposal of grit,
skimming tanks: sources of oil and grease, importance of removal, methods of oil and grease
removal. Equalization and neutralization tanks: introduction, application and benefits.
Primary sedimentation tank: types of settling, types of sedimentation tanks, assumptions,
efficiency, factors affecting efficiency, design of primary sedimentation tank.
Unit III: Secondary Treatment: Aerobic Suspended Growth (06 Hours)
Aerobic secondary treatment: unit operations and processes for secondary treatment,
principle of biological treatment, role of microorganism in wastewater treatment, types of
microorganisms, microbial metabolism, microbial growth pattern in batch and continuous
system, requirements of microbial growth. Activated sludge process (ASP): Conventional
plug flow ASP, biochemical reactions, hydraulic and organic loading, F/M ratio, mean cell
residence time, aeration method, oxygen requirement, assumptions, design of ASP, sludge
volume index, sludge recycle and rate of return sludge, operational problems and
maintenance in ASP, modifications in ASP.
Unit IV: Secondary Treatment: Aerobic Suspended and Attach Growth (06 Hours)
Suspended growth system: oxidation pond: bacteria – algae symbiosis, design of oxidation
pond, advantages & disadvantages of oxidation ponds. Aerated lagoons: Principle,
advantages & disadvantages of aerated lagoons, design of aerated lagoon. Constructed
wetlands, phytoremediation and root zone technology: principle, advantages, disadvantages,
applications/attached growth system: trickling filter: principle, different TF media & their
characteristics, standard rate and high-rate filters, single stage & two stage filters, design
using NRC formula, recirculation, ventilation, under drain system, operational problems,
control measures. Rotating biological contactors: Principle, advantages, disadvantages,
applications
Unit V: Anaerobic Tertiary and Emerging Treatment (06 Hours)
Anaerobic treatment: septic tank: suitable conditions and situations, biological principle,
method of treatment and disposal of septic tank effluent and design of septic tank. Anaerobic
lagoon: principle, advantages & disadvantage, applications. Up-flow anaerobic sludge
blanket (UASB) reactor: principle, advantages & disadvantage, applications. Tertiary
(advanced) treatment: objectives, introduction to nutrients removal processes, adsorption, ion
exchange, membrane processes, advanced oxidation processes, disinfection. Emerging
wastewater treatment systems: sequencing batch reactor (SBR), membrane bio reactors
(MBR), moving bed bio reactor (MBBR), fluidized membrane bio reactor (FMBR), packed
bed reactor (PBR), advantages, limitations and applications
Unit VI: Sludge Management System and Reuse of Water (06 Hours)
Sludge management system: primary and secondary sludge, quantity and characteristics,

sludge thickening by gravity thickener, sludge centrifugation, introduction to aerobic
digestion, principle of anaerobic digestion, stages of digestion, bio – gas production,
characteristics & applications, factors governing anaerobic digestion, design of sludge
digestor, sludge dewatering, sludge drying beds, sludge incineration, sludge disposal/ reuse,
challenges in sludge management. Wastewater recycle and reuse: driving factors for recycle
and reuse, recycling of grey water, municipal sewage, storm water and industrial effluent,
reuse opportunities in municipal, industrial, agricultural sector, regulatory guidelines: WHO,
US EPA

Reference Books

01 Environmental Engineering, Peavy Rowe, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private
Limited
02 Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control and Reuse, Arceivala and Asolekar,
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
03 Industrial Wastewater Treatment, A. D. Patwardhan, Eastern Economy Edition, PHI
Learning Private Limited
04 Sewage Disposal & Air Pollution Engineering, S. K. Garg, Khanna Publication
05 Standard Methods for examination of water and wastewater, Mary Franson, American
Public Health Association