201001 Building Technology and Architectural Planning

Credits: 3

Unit I: Introduction to Building Construction and Masonry. 
a) Introduction to building construction– definition, types of building as per National Building Code. Building components and their basic requirements i.e substructure and superstructure requirements. Introduction to automation in construction
b) Masonry– Introduction of stone masonry and brick masonry, characteristics of good building bricks, IS specification and tests, classification of bricks, types of bonds: English, Flemish, Header, Stretcher, construction procedure, supervision. Recent trends in light weight construction Form work and casting procedure for reinforced concrete columns, R.C.C. beams, R.C.C. slabs, Slip form work, introduction of underpinning and Scaffolding.

Unit 2: Building bye laws and introduction to Architectural drawing
a) Building Byelaws
Necessity of bye-laws, plot sizes, road width, open spaces, floor area ratio (F.A.R.), concept of V.P.R. Marginal distances, building line, control line, height regulations, room sizes, Area calculations (built-up area, carpet area etc.), Rules for ventilation, lighting, Vertical circulation, Sanitation and Parking of vehicles.Minimum Standard Dimensions
b) Introduction to Architectural drawing :Principles of Building Planning and Principles of Architectural design relation between form and function, utility, aesthetics, Concept of Line plan, Developed Plan, Elevation, Section, Selection of scales for various drawings, dimensioning, abbreviations and symbols as per IS 962, Elements of perspective drawings, parallel and angular perspective of small building elements.

Unit 3: Building Components: 
a) Doors and Windows: Definition of technical terms, installation of doors and window frames and their size specifications, fixtures and fastenings. Different types of doorsand windows:
Ventilators: purpose and types.
b) Arches and Lintels – Introduction of arch construction, Lintels: necessity and types, chajja or weather shade necessity and types.
Functional requirement of flooring, types of floor finishes and their suitability, Types of flooring.
Roofing Materials – galvanized iron pre-coated aluminium sheets, fiber sheets. Roof construction types and their suitability, method of construction, Protective Coatings with plastering and finishing.

Unit 4: Residential Buildings and green buildings 
a) Residential Buildings- Functional requirements and dimensions of Residential Buildings like Bungalows, Twin bungalows, Row houses, Apartment. Prepare Developed Plan, Elevation and Sectional Elevation of above mentioned categories. Design of staircase : Dog legged /Quarter turn
b) Green Building -Salient features, benefits, planning concepts of Green Building (site selection, orientation, sun path and wind diagram etc.), introduction to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

Unit 5: Planning of Public Buildings 
Functional requirements and dimensions and planning of Public Buildings like industrial buildings, commercial buildings, School, Colleges , Hostel, Auditorium, Restaurant/ Hotel building, Primary Health Center/ Hospital, Shopping complex, Sports complex, Vegetable market, Post office, and Bank buildings.

Unit 6 (ONLINE): Town Planning and Legal Aspects: 
a) Town Planning and legal aspects:Necessity of town planning. Development plan and its importance, Land use zoning, N.A. Sanction procedure, Introduction to different zones of land in town planning, Aspects of zoning.7/12 abstract, meaning of different terms of 7/12 abstract, Form 6 and its types, Concept of TDR, List of documents to be submitted to local authority. , Introduction to RERA act. Introduction to Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act
b) Safety aspects and services –Fire load, grading of occupancies by fire loads, Evacuation Time, fire escape elements, Need for earthquake resistant structures.
Noise and Acoustics – Sound insulation, Acoustical defects, Reverberation time, Sabine’s formula, sound absorbents, planning for good acoustics.
Ventilation – Necessity and types of Ventilation.

Lighting -Principles of day lighting,Solar energy systems for lighting (BIPV).
Plumbing –Types of plumbing system.

Books

Text books:
1. Building Construction by B.C. Punmia, Laxmi Publications.
2. Building Materials by S.V.Deodhar, Khanna Publication.
3. Building Construction by Bindra and Arora, DhanpatRai Publications.
4. Building Drawings with an integrated Approach to Built-Environment by M. G. Shah, C. M. Kale and S. Y. Patki, New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill. (5th edition.)
Reference books:
1. Building Materials by S. K. Duggal, New Age International Publishers.
2. Building Construction by S.C. Rangwala, Charotdar Publications.
3. The construction of buildings; seventh edition, Vol.1 & Vol.2 by R. Barry, Oxford: Blackwell Science.
4. Building Materials Technology by Ruth T. Brantley & L. Reed Brantley, Tata McGraw Hill. 5. National Building Code (latest).
6. Building Design and construction by Frederick Merrit, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. I.S. 962 – 1989 Code for Practice for Architectural and Building Drawings.
8. Development plan and DCP Rules of urban local body, New Delhi, Volume 12.

201002 Mechanics of Structures

Credit : 3

Unit I: Simple Stresses and Strains 
a) Materials used in construction and their nature, Hook’s Law, Stress-Strain Diagram for elastic, plastic materials and brittle material, Idealized stress-strain diagram , Concept of axial stresses (compression, tension), strains(linear, lateral, shear and volumetric), Elastic constants and their relations. Stresses and strains due to change in temperature.
b) Stresses, strains and deformations in determinate and indeterminate structures for homogeneous and composite structures under concentrated loads and temperature changes.

Unit II: Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram 
Concept of shear force and bending moment. Relation between shear force, bending moment and intensity of loading. Shear force and bending moment diagrams for determinate beams due to concentrated, uniformly distributed, uniformly varying loads and couples. Bending moment and loading diagram from given shear force diagram.

Unit III: Shear and Bending Stresses 
a) Shear stresses in beams: concept of shear, complimentary shear, derivation of shear stress formula, shear stress distribution for various cross sections, maximum and average shear stress for circular and rectangular sections.
b) Bending stresses in beams: theory of simple or pure bending, assumptions, derivation of flexure formula, bending stress distribution diagrams, Moment of Resistance of cross-section.

Unit IV: Torsion of Circular Shaftsand Principal Stresses and Strains 
a) Torsion of circular shafts: theory of torsion, assumptions, derivation of torsion formula. Stresses, strains and deformations in determinate and indeterminate shafts of hollow, solid, homogeneous cross-sections subjected to twisting moments. Power transmitted by shafts.
b) Principal stresses and strains: concept of principal planes and principal stresses, normal and shear stresses on an oblique plane, magnitude and orientation of principal stresses andmaximum shear stress.

Unit V: Axially and Eccentrically Loaded Columns. 
a) Axially loaded columns: concept of critical load and buckling, Euler’s formula for buckling load with hinged ends, concept of equivalent length for various end conditions, Rankine’s formula, safe load on column and limitations of Euler’s formula.
b) Direct and bending stresses for eccentrically loaded short column and other structural components such as retaining walls, dams, chimneys, etc. Effect of lateral force and self-weight. Resultant stress diagrams due to axial loads, uni-axial, and bi-axial bending. Concept of core of section for solid and hollow rectangular and circular sections.

Unit VI: Slope and Deflection of Beams and Trusses 
a) Slope and deflection of determinate beams by Macaulay’s method and Strain energy method, Castigliano’s first theorem. Joint displacement of determinate trusses by Unit load method.
Note: Only the concept explanation can be taught through Online teaching mode, however, the problem solving is to be done in offline mode.

Books:

Text books:
1. Mechanics of Structures Vol. I &II by S. B. Junnarkar and Dr. H. J. Shah, Twenty second edition, Charotar Publishing House Pvt Ltd.
2. Strength of Materials by R. Subramanian, Oxford University Press.
3. Strength of Materials by S. S. Ratan, Tata McGraw Hill.
Reference books:
1. Elements of Strength of Materials by Timoshenko and Young, East-West Press Ltd.
2. Strength of Materials by F.L. Singer and Andrew Pytel, Harper and Row Publication.
3. Mechanics of Materials by Beer and Johnston, McGraw Hill Publication.
4. Introduction to Mechanics of Solids by E.P. Popov, Prantice Hall Publication.
5. Mechanics of Materials by Gere & Timoshenko, CBC publisher.
6. Elementary Structural Analysis by Norris, Wilbur and Utku, Tata McGraw Hill Publisher.
7. Intermediate Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbler, Pearson Education Publishers.

201003 : Fluid Mechanics
Credits : 03

Unit I: 
a) Properties of Fluids: Definition of fluid and fluid mechanics: examples and practical applications, classification of fluids: Real and Ideal, , physical properties of fluids: mass density, specific weight, specific volume, relative density, viscosity, Newton’s law of viscosity Dynamic and kinematic viscosity, compressibility, cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, capillarity, vapour pressure.
b) Fluid Statics: Basic equation of hydrostatics, concept of pressure, pressure head, Pascal’s Law, measurement of pressure (absolute, gauge), principle of manometers: Balancing liquid column, dead weight, pressure transducers and their types, total pressure and centre of pressure: on plane horizontal, vertical, inclined and curved surfaces: practical applications, Buoyancy and Floatation: Principle of floatation and buoyancy, stability of floating and submerged bodies

Unit II: 
a) Fluid Kinematics
Eulerian and Lagrangian approach, velocity and acceleration, and theircomponents in Cartesian co-ordinates, Classification of flows, stream line, stream tube, path line, streak line, control volume. Equation of continuity for 3-D flow in Cartesian co-ordinates, components of rotation, velocity potential, stream function and flow net.
b) Fluid Dynamics: Forces acting on fluid mass in motion, Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline and its integration to get Bernoulli’s equation and its limitations, Modified Bernoulli’s equation, concept of HGL and TEL, Application of Bernoulli’s equation to measure discharge and velocity of flow: Venturimeter, Orifice meter, Rotameter and Pitot tube.

Unit III: 
a) Dimensional Analysis and Model Studies
Dimensional homogeneity, dimensional analysis using Buckingham’s π theorem method, geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity, important dimensionless Numbers (Reynolds No., Froude No., Euler No., Mach no. and Weber No) and their significance, Model Laws (Reynold’s law and Froude’s Law)
b) Boundary layer Theory
Concept, development of boundary layer on flat plate and factors affecting growth, Boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, momentum and energy thickness, Laminar sub layer, Local and mean drag coefficients, Hydrodynamically smooth and rough boundary, boundary layer separation and methods to control separation

Unit IV 
a) Laminar & Turbulent Flow through Pipe: Characteristics of laminar flow, laminar flow through a circular pipe: Hagen Poiseuille equation,Characteristics of turbulent flow, instantaneous velocity, temporal mean velocity, scale of turbulence and intensity of turbulence, Prandtl’s mixing length theory, velocity distribution equation, variation of friction factor for laminar flow and for turbulent flow, resistance to flow in smooth and rough pipes, friction factor for commercial pipes, Moody’s diagram.
b)Flow through pipes: Energy losses in pipe flow, Equation for major loss and minor losses in pipe, flow through pipes in simple and compound pipe, pipes in series, parallel, Dupit’s equation, pipe network analysis by Hardy Cross method, Introduction to siphon.

Unit V 
a) Introduction to Open channel flow: Classification of channels, channel flows and geometric elements of channel, Basic governing equations of Channel flow viz. continuity equation, energy equation and momentum equation, One dimensional approach, Velocity distribution in open channel flow.
b) Uniform flow in open channels: Uniform flow formulae: Chezy’s and Manning's formulae; Factors affecting Manning's roughness coefficient; Important terms pertaining to uniform flow, viz. normal depth, conveyance, section factor, concept of second hydraulic exponent, Uniform flow computations. Most efficient channel sections: rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal. Depth-Energy Relationships in Open Channel Flow: Specific energy and Specific force diagram, Depth discharge Diagram, Critical depth, Conditions for occurrence of critical flow; Froude's number, flow classification based on it, Important terms pertaining to critical flow viz. section factor, concept of first hydraulic exponent

Unit VI 
a) Gradually Varied Flow (GVF) in Open Channel Flow: Theory and Computation Basic Assumptions of GVF; Dynamic equation of GVF - Alternative forms; Classification of channel bed slopes,Various GVF profiles, Methods of GVF computations: Direct Step method. (mention of other method )
b) Fluid Flow around Submerged Objects:
Practical problems involving fluid flow around submerged objects, Definitions and expressions for drag, lift, drag coefficient, lift coefficient, types of drag. Introduction to Drag on sphere, cylinder, flat plate and Aerofoil, Karman‘s vortex street, Development of lift, Introduction to Magnus effect, Lift on cylinder and Aerofoil, Polar diagram.

Books:

Text books:
1 Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machine by Dr P. N. Modi & S. M. Seth Pub: Standard book house, Delhi-6
2. Flow in Open Channels by K Subramanya, Pub: Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
3. A Text Book on Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by Sukumar Pati Pub: McGraw Hill, New Delhi
Reference books:
1. Engineering Fluid Mechanics by R. J. Garde and A.J Mirajgaonkar, Pub: SCITECH Publications( India )Pvt.Ltd, Chennai
2. Fluid Mechanics and its Applications, Vijay Gupta, Santosh K Gupta, New Age international pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,
3. Fluid Mechanics, Fundamentals and applications by Yunus. A Cengel and John.M Cimbala, Mc Graw Hill International, New Delhi.
4. Fluid Mechanics by Streeter, Wylie and Bedford – Pub: McGraw Hill International, New Delhi.
5. Open Channel Hydraulics by Ven Tee Chow, Pub: Mcgraw- Hill Book Company- Koga.
6. A Text Book of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines- by Dr. R K Rajput Pub: S Chand and Co Ltd. New Delhi

207003 Engineering Geology

Credits: 03

Unit I: General Geology, Mineralogy and Petrology 
a) Introduction to the subject, scope and sub divisions. General Geology:The Earth as a planet, Interior & General composition of the Earth, The rock cycle
b) Introduction to mineralogy: Physical Properties of Minerals, Classification of Minerals, silicate and non-silicate minerals, Rock forming minerals.
c) Introduction to petrology and Broad classification of rocks.
Igneous Petrology: Plutonic, Hypabyssal and Volcanic rocks, Structures, Textures and Classification of Igneous rocks. Study of common rock types prescribed in practical work and their engineering applications.
Secondary Petrology: Rock weathering, Sedimentary Structures, lithification and digenesis Process, Genetic classification of secondary rocks and grain size classification and Textures, Study of common rock types prescribed in practical work and their civil engineering applications.
Metamorphic Petrology: Agents, Types of metamorphism, Texture and structures. Study of common rock types prescribed in practical work and their civil engineering applications.

Unit II: Geomorphology and Historical Geology. 
a) Geomorphology: Endogenic and Exogenic processes, Geological action by fluvial process i.e. river and Landforms formed it, Aeolian and glacial process, Coastal geomorphology.
b) Historical Geology: General principles of Stratigraphy, Geological time scale w.r.t. Indian geological time scale, Physiographic divisions of India, Archean’s&Dharwar formation, Cudappah formations, Vindhyan formations, Gondwana formations, Deccan Trap formations, significance of their structural characters in major civil engineering activities.

Unit III: Structural Geology, Plate Tectonics 
a) Introduction to plate tectonics and Mountain building activity.
b) Structural Geology: Out crop, dip and strike, conformable series, unconformity, its types and overlap, faults and their types, folds and their types, inliers and outlier. Civil engineering importance of faults and folds with examples.
c) Structures of rocks: Igneous intrusions and their types, joints and their types, stratification and lamination.

Unit IV: Remote Sensing and G.I.S., Preliminary Geological Studies 
a) Remote sensing (RS): Definition, Stages of Remote sensing, Remote sensing platforms,Active & Passive Remote sensing, Electromagnetic spectrum, visible band, scattering & absorption of EMR in atmosphere and its effect on Satellite Imagery; resolution of satellite images, Elements of remote sensing for Visual interpretation viz.Tone, shape, size, pattern, texture, shadow and Association.
b) Geographical Information System (GIS): Introduction, Definition, tools, applications of remote sensing and geographical information system in Civil Engineering.
c) Preliminary Geological Exploration: reconnaissance survey, Desk Study, surface and subsurface Geological Investigations: Direct methods likeTest& trial pits, pilot trenches, Drilling, Core inspection significance and limitations of it. Indirect methods like Resistivity, seismic survey and its significance and limitations.

Unit V: Role of Engineering Geology in Dams, Reservoirs and Tunneling.
a) Geology of Dams & Reservoir: Strength, stability and water tightness of foundation rocks,
influence of geological conditions on the choice and type of dam, preliminary geological work on dam and reservoir sites, precautions to be taken to counteract unsuitable conditions and their relevant treatments with case studies.
b) Tunneling: Preliminary geological investigations, important geological considerations while choosing alignment, difficulties during tunneling as encountered due to various geological conditions, Role of groundwater and suitability of common rock types for excavation and tunneling and important case studies in Kasara and BorGhat sections of central railway in Maharashtra and in India, particularly in Himalayas etc.

Unit VI: Geological Hazards, Ground Water and Building Stones.
a) Geological Hazards: Volcanism, Earthquakes & Seismic zones of India, Landslides and stability of hill slopes and preventive measures.
b) Groundwater: Types of ground water, water table and depth zones, influence of hydro geological properties of rocks, types of aquifers, artesian wells and its geological conditions, artificial recharge of groundwater. Geological work of groundwater, levels, effects of dams and canals, effect of pumping, cone of depression, circle of influence, fluctuations in water table Methods of conservation of groundwater and its management; introduction of watershed management.
c) Building stones: Requirements of good building stone: strength, durability, ease of dressing, appearance, mineral composition, textures and field structures, suitability of common rocks as building stone.

Books:

Text Books:
1. Text Book of Engineering Geology by R.B. Gupte , 2001, P.V.G. Publications, Pune.
2. A Text Book of Engineering Geology by N. ChennaKesavulu. 2010, McMillan India Ltd.
3. Principles of Engineering Geology by D. Venkat Reddy. 2010, Vikas Publishers.
Reference Books:
1. Geology P. K. Mukerjee, World Press
2. Engineering Geology by F. G. H Blyth and De Frietus, Reed Elsevier India
3. Geology for geotechnical engineers, J. C. Harvey, Cambridge University Press
4. Principals of Engineering Geology,S.K. Garg, VikasPublishe
5. Engineering Geology, Parbin Singh
6. Geology and Engineering, K. V. G. K. Gokhale, D. M. Rao ,Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Structural Geology, M. P. Billings, Pearson India Pvt. Ltd.