Electrical Machines-II

Unit - 1 Three phase Synchronous machines

Three phase Synchronous machines:
Construction, rotating-field type and rotating-armature type, salient-pole and non-salient-pole type and their comparison. Excitation Methods.
Three phase Synchronous generator (cylindrical rotor type): Principle of operation. Emf equation and winding factors (No derivation), rating of generator. Generator on no-load and on balanced load. Armature reaction and its effect under different load power factors. Voltage drop due to armature resistance, leakage flux and synchronous reactance. Per phase equivalent circuit and Phasor diagram. Power - power angle relation.
Three phase Synchronous generator (salient pole type):
Armature reaction as per Blondel’s two reaction theory for salient-pole machines, Direct-axis and quadrature-axis synchronous reactance’s and their determination by slip test. Phasor diagram of salient-pole generator and calculation of voltage regulation.

Unit - 2 Voltage regulation of Three phase Synchronous generator

Performance of open circuit and short circuit test on synchronous generator, determination of voltage regulation by emf, mmf, and Potier triangle methods. Determination of voltage regulation by direct loading. Short circuit ratio.
Parallel operation of 3-phase alternators:
Necessity, conditions, Load sharing between two alternators in parallel (Descriptive treatment only). Process of synchronizing alternator with infinite bus-bar by lamp method (one dark & two equally bright lamp method) and by the use of synchroscope, Synchronizing current, power and torque (no numerical).

Unit - 3 Three phase synchronous motor

Principle of operation. Methods of starting. Equivalent circuit, significance of torque angle, Losses, efficiency and Power flow chart. Operation of 3-phase Synchronous motor with constant load and variable excitation (‘V’ curves and ‘inverted V’ curves). Phenomenon of hunting and its remedies. Applications of 3-phase synchronous motors. Comparison of 3 phase synchronous motor with 3-phase induction motor.

Unit - 4 3-ph induction motor, Induction generator and special purpose motors 

Speed control of three phase induction motor by various methods (Stator side and rotor side controls). Action of 3-phase induction motor as induction generator, applications of induction generator. Introduction to Energy Efficient three phase Induction Motor and Super Conducting Generator.
Special Purpose Motors : Construction, principle of working, characteristics, ratings and applications of Brush less D.C. motors, Stepper motors (permanent magnet and variable reluctance type only), Permanent Magnet motor (A.C. & D.C.).

Unit - 5 A.C. series motor

Operation of D.C. series motor on a.c. supply, nature of torque developed, problems associated with AC. operation and remedies.
Compensated series motor: Compensating winding, conductively and inductively compensated motor. Approximate phasor diagram. Use of compoles for improving commutation. Ratings and applications of Compensated Series motors.
Universal motors: Ratings, performance and applications, comparison of their performance on A.C. and D.C. supply.

Unit - 6 Single phase induction motor

Construction of single phase induction motor, double field revolving theory. Equivalent circuit and torque-slip characteristics on the basis of double revolving field theory. Tests to determine the parameters of equivalent circuit and calculation of performance characteristics of motor. Methods of self-starting. Types of single phase induction motors: Split-phase motors (Resistor split-phase motor, Capacitor-start motor, Capacitor start and capacitor run motor and permanent capacitor motor). Comparison of 1-phase induction motor with 3-phase induction motor.

Power Electronics

Unit 01: Power Semi-Conductor Devices 
Construction, Static and dynamic Characteristics, specifications/rating of SCR , Triggering Circuits (R, R-C, UJT), Commutation Circuits (class C & D), Protection (over voltage, over current, and Thermal), Gate Turn Off (GTO) Thyristor (Construction, Working and Application), TRIAC- four mode operation, triggering of TRIAC using DIAC, Application-light dimmer.

Unit 02: Transistor based Devices and DC-DC converter 
Transistor based Devices: MOSFET & IGBT- Construction, working, Static and Dynamic Characteristics DC-DC converter: Principle of operation of chopper, classification on the basis of operating quadrants (A, B, C, D, E), Control techniques: CLC, TRC, PWM and FM Techniques. Analysis of Step-up Chopper and Numerical with RLE load. Buck Boost Chopper (Descriptive Treatment), Applications- Chargers for Battery operated vehicles.

Unit 03: Single Phase AC-DC Converter 
Single phase Converter: Fully controlled converter, Half controlled converter (Semi- converter)-Operation of all converters with R & RL load, derivation of Average and RMS output voltage, power factor, THD, TUF. Numerical based on output voltage and current calculations, Single phase dual converter (Descriptive treatment only), Application-Speed control of DC motor.

Unit 04: Three Phase Converter and AC Voltage Regulator 
Three phase converters: Fully controlled converter, Half controlled converter (Semi converter)-Operation of all converters with R, RL load, derivation of Average and RMS output voltage. Numerical based on output voltage and current calculations. AC voltage regulator: Single phase AC Voltage regulator; operation with R and RL Load, derivation of Average and RMS output voltage. Concept of two stage AC voltage regulator (Descriptive treatment only).

Unit 05: Single phase DC-AC Converter (Transistor based) 
Full bridge VSI, derivation of output voltage and current, Numerical, current source inverter with ideal switches and load commutated CSI, Voltage control techniques, Application- UPS.

Unit 06: Three phase DC-AC Converter (Transistor based) 
Three phase VSI for 1200 and 1800 modes of operation and their comparison, PWM based VSI, voltage control and harmonic elimination techniques (Single Pulse Modulation, Multilevel Control), Multilevel Converter concept its classification (Neutral Point Clamped Converter, Flying Capacitor Converter, cascaded multilevel converter) and their comparison, Application- Speed control of 3 phase Induction motor.

Industrial and Technology Management

Unit 01: Introduction to Management and Economics
A) Management: Meaning, scope, function, and importance of management. Difference between administration and management.
B) Industrial Economics: Definition of economics, Demand and Supply concept, Demand Analysis. Types of Demand, Determinants of Demand, Law of demand and supply, Elasticity of demand and supply, Law of Diminishing Marginal utility, Demand forecasting: Meaning and methods.
C) Business Organizations: Line organization, Staff organization and Functional Organization, (Project, Matrix, Committee Organization.)
D) Business Ownership and its Types: Types of business ownership, Sole proprietorship, Partnership (Act 1934), LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) (Act 2008). One person company, Joint Stock Company: Public Limited and Private Limited, Public Sector Undertaking (PSU).

Unit 02: Technology Management 
A) Technology Management: Definition of technology Management and its relation with society, development, application and its scope.
B) Classification of Technology Management: Classification of technology management at various levels- its importance on National Economy, Ethics in technology management, Critical factors in technology management.

Unit 03: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) & Human Resource Management (HRM)

A) Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): Meaning of IPR, Different forms of IPR, Patents, Criteria for securing Patents. Patent format and structure, Copy rights and trademark (Descriptive treatment only).
B) Human Resource Management: Introduction, importance, scope, HR planning, Recruitment, selection, training and development, Performance management.

Unit 04: Quality Management 
A) Quality Management: Definition of quality, continuous improvement, Types of quality, Quality of design, Seven QC Tools, Poka Yoke (Mistake Proofing), Quality circles, Kaizen. TQM, 5S (Case study of Toyota, descriptive treatment). Six-Sigma.
Basic software used for inventory management and quality management like Zoho inventory, Oracal, Netsuite, Vyapar, Quick book commerce.
B) Quality Management Standards (Introductory aspects only):- The ISO9001:2000 Quality Management System Standard-The ISO14001:2004, ISO26000, ISO 10004:2012, ISO 9001:2012 ISO 9001:2016, Environmental Management System Standard.

Unit 05: Marketing and Financial Management
A) Marketing Management: Meaning of Market, Marketing strategy, motives, market characteristics and its types, Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic completion and Oligopoly. New product development, Product life cycle, Marketing and selling, methods of selling, marketing planning. Market survey and market research, Online Marketing (Digital Marketing).
B) Financial Management: Definition of financial management, cost Concept, Types of costs (Fixed, Variable, average, marginal, and total cost) and methods of costing price, capital. Debit, credit, Profit and loss statement, Balance sheet, Depreciation Analysis, causes and significance, methods of calculation of depreciation, Taxation system, and type of taxes.

Unit 06: Motivational Theory and Entrepreneurship
A) Motivation: Introduction to Motivation, theories of work motivation, Content Theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two factor theory, McClelland’s Three Needs Theory, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.
Process Theories: Adam’s Equity Theory, Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Taylor’s Motivation Theory

B) Leadership: Importance of Leadership, Types of Leadership: Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership, qualities of good Leader. Group dynamics: Types and interactions of groups, stages of group dynamics: Norming, Storming, Forming, Performing and Adjourning.
C) Entrepreneurship: Importance and limitations of rational decision making, Decision making under certainty, uncertainty and risk. Incentives for small business development, Government policies and incentives, Case study on Small scale industries in India.

Electrical Installation, Design and Condition Based  Maintenance

Unit 01: Economics of Distribution Systems
Classification of supply systems (State Only)
(i) DC, 2-wire system, (ii) Single phase two wire ac system, (iii) Three phase three wire ac supply system, iv) Three phase four wire ac supply system. Comparison between overhead and underground systems (For above mentioned systems) on the basis of volume requirement for conductor. AC Distribution System: Types of primary and secondary distribution systems, calculation of voltage drops in ac distributors (Uniform and Non Uniform Loading) (Numerical). Economics of power
transmission: Economic choice of conductor (Kelvin’s law) (Derivation and Numerical). Distribution Feeders: Design considerations of distribution feeders; radial and ring types of primary feeder’s voltage levels, energy losses in feeders.

Unit 02: Substation and Earthing
Substation: Classification of substations, Various equipment used in substation with their specifications, Bus bar arrangements in the substation: Simple arrangements like single bus bar, sectionalized single bus bar, main and transfer bus bar system with relevant diagrams.
Earthing: Necessity of Earthing, Types of Earthing system (Equipment and Neutral), and Maintenance Free Earthing system. Methods of testing earth resistance, Different electrode configurations (Plate and Pipe electrode), Tolerable step and touch voltages, Steps involved in design of substation Earthing grid as per IEEE standard 80-2013.

Unit 03: Maintenance and Condition Monitoring
Importance and necessity of maintenance, different maintenance strategies like breakdown maintenance, planned/preventive maintenance and condition based maintenance. Planned and preventive maintenance of transformer, Induction motor and Alternators. Insulation stressing factors, Insulation deterioration, polarization index, dielectric absorption ratio. Concept of condition monitoring of electrical equipment. Advance tools and techniques of condition monitoring,
Thermography. Failure modes of transformer, Condition monitoring of oil as per the IS/IEC standards, Filtration/reconditioning of insulating oil, Condition monitoring of transformer bushings, on load tap changer, dissolved gas analysis, degree of polymerization. Induction motor fault diagnostic methods – Vibration Signature Analysis, Motor Current Signature Analysis. Hot Line Maintenance - Meaning and advantages, special types of non-conducting Materials used for tools for hot line maintenance.

Unit 04: Basics of Estimation and Costing
Purpose of estimating and costing, qualities of good estimator, essential elements of estimating and costing, tender, guidelines for inviting tenders, quotation, price catalogue, labor rates, schedule of rates and estimating data (only theory).

Unit 05: Installation and estimation of distribution system
Introduction cable sizing, Estimation and conductor size calculations of internal wiring for Residential and Commercial (Numerical) installations and estimate for underground LT service lines.

Unit 06: Testing and Electrical Safety
Understanding CAT Ratings & Using CAT rated Instrument, Electrical Installation Testing Procedures- Insulation resistance test between installation and earth, Insulation resistance test between conductors (use of GUARD Terminal in IR test & Application) (methods used for IR Testing) Testing of polarity, Testing of earth continuity paths (Applications of PAT Tester “Portable Appliance Tester” in commercial like hotels, hospital & Industry also) and Earth resistance test (methods for earth testing 2-pole, 3-pole new methods clamp on type where we can performs test in Live) Contents of first aid box, treatment for cuts, burns and electrical shock. Procedures for first aid (e.g. removing casualty from contact with live wire and administering artificial respiration). Various statutory regulations (Electricity supply regulations, factory acts and Indian electricity rules of Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Classification of hazardous area. ( Introduction to OSHA).

Digital Signal Processing

Unit - 1 Discrete time signal and system
Analog, Discrete-time and Digital signals, Basic sequences and sequence operations, Discrete time systems, Properties of D. T. Systems and Classification, Linear Time Invariant Systems, impulse response, linear convolution and its properties, properties of LTI systems: stability, causality, Periodic Sampling, Sampling Theorem, Frequency Domain representation of sampling, reconstruction of a band limited Signal, A to D Conversion Process: Sampling, quantization and encoding.

Unit - 2 Z and Inverse Z transform 
Revision of Z-transform, Numerical of Z transform, Inverse Z transform using partial fraction and power series method, Linear constant coefficient difference equations, solution of difference equation, stability and causality using ROC of Z-transform.

Unit - 3 Discrete Time Fourier Transform
Representation of Sequences by Fourier Transform, Symmetry properties of D. T., F. T. theorems: Linearity, time shifting, frequency shifting, time reversal, differentiation, convolution theorem, Frequency response analysis of first and second order system, steady state and transient response.

Unit - 4 Discrete Fourier Transform
Sampling in frequency domain, The Discrete Fourier Transform, Relation with z transform Properties of DFT: Linearity, circular shift, duality, symmetry, Circular Convolution, Linear Convolution using DFT, Effective computation of DFT and FFT, DIT FFT, DIF FFT.

Unit - 5 Design of IIR filter
Ideal frequency selective filters, Concept of filtering, specifications of filter, IIR filter design from continuous time filters: Characteristics of Butterworth and Chebyshev, impulse invariant and bilinear transformation techniques, Design examples (Butterworth low pass filter) , Basic structures for IIR Systems: direct form, cascade form.

Unit - 6 Design of FIR Filter and DSP Applications 
A) Specifications of properties of commonly used windows, Design Examples using rectangular and hanning windows. Basic Structures for FIR Systems: direct form. Comparison of IIR and FIR Filters.
B) Applications: Measurement of magnitude and phase of voltage, current, power, frequency and power factor correction, harmonic Analysis and measurement, applications to machine control, DSP based protective relaying.

Advanced Microcontroller and Embedded System

Unit 01: PIC Architecture and Embedded C 
Comparison of CISC and RISC Architectures, Data and Program memory organization, Program Counters, Stack pointer, Bank Select Register, Status register, Embedded C concepts, Header and source files and pre-processor directives, Data types, data structures, Control loops, functions, bit operations.

Unit 02: Port and Timer 0 Programming 
I/O Ports and related SFRs, I/O port programming in C. PIC 18 Timer 0 Programming in C. Delay programming (with and without Timer0). LED Interfacing and its programming.

Unit 03: CCP Module and its applications
CCP module in PIC 18 microcontroller, Timers required for CCP Applications, Applications of CCP mode Generation of Square waveform using Compare mode of CCP module. Period measurement of unknown signal using Capture mode in CCP module, Speed control of DC motor using PWM mode of CCP module.

Unit 04: Interrupt structure and its Programming
Interrupt Programming, Programming of Timer0 interrupts, Programming of External interrupts INT0.

Unit 05: ADC structure and LCD interfacing
PIC ADC, Programming of ADC using interrupts, Measurement of temperature and Power. Using PIC microcontroller. Interfacing of LCD (16x2) in 4 bit mode.

Unit 06: Serial Communication and its protocols
Serial Communication structure and its programming (Data transmit and Receive), Introduction to Communication protocols as SPI and MODE BUS.

303149: Computer Aided Design of Electrical Machines

Unit 01 Transformer Design: Part 1 06 hrs
Modes of heat dissipation. Heating and cooling curves. Calculations of heating and cooling time
constants. Methods of cooling of transformer. Types and constructional features of core and windings
used in transformer. Transformer auxiliaries such as tap changer, pressure release valve, breather and
conservator. Specifications of three phase transformers as per IS 2026 (Part I). Introduction to computer
aided design
Unit 02 Transformer Design: Part 2 06 hrs
Output equation with usual notations, optimum design of transformer for minimum cost and loss. Design
of core, estimation of overall dimensions of frame and windings of transformer. Design of tank with
cooling tubes.
Unit 03 Performance parameters of Transformer 06 hrs
Estimation of resistance and leakage reactance of transformer. Estimation of no-load current, losses,
efficiency and regulation of transformer. Calculation of mechanical forces developed under short circuit
conditions, measures to overcome this effect. Computer aided design of transformer, generalized flow
chart for design of transformer.
Unit 04 Three phase Induction Motor Design:Part1 06 hrs
Specifications and constructional features. Types of ac windings. Specific electrical and magnetic
loadings, ranges of specific loadings. Output equation with usual notations. Calculations for main
dimensions, turns per phase and number of stator slots.
Unit 05 Three phase Induction Motor Design:Part2 06 hrs
Suitable combinations of stator and rotor slots. Selection of length of air gap, factors affecting length of
air gap. Design of rotor slots, size of bars and end rings for cage rotor. Conductor size, turns and area of
rotor slots for wound rotor.
Unit 06 Performance parameters of Three Phase Induction motor

Leakage flux and leakage reactance: Slot, tooth top, zig - zag, overhang. Leakage reactance calculation
for three phase machines. MMF Calculation for air gap, stator teeth, stator core, rotor teeth and rotor
core, effect of saturation, effects of ducts on calculations of magnetizing current, calculations of no-load
current. Calculations of losses and efficiency. Computer aided design of induction motor, generalized
flow chart for design of induction motor.
Test Books:
[T1] M. G. Say–Theory and Performance and Design of A.C. Machines,3rd Edition, ELBS London.
[T2] A.K. Sawhney–A Course in Electrical Machine Design, -Dhanpat Rai and sons New Delhi
[T3] K. G. Upadhyay- Design of Electrical Machines, New age publication
[T4] R. K. Agarwal–Principles of Electrical Machine Design, S. K. Katariya and sons.
[T5] Indrajit Dasgupta –Design of Transformers–TMH
Reference Books:
[R1] K. L. Narang, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering Drawings, Reprint Edition, Satya
Prakashan, New Delhi.
[R2] A Shanmuga sundaram,G. Gangadharan, R. Palani,-Electrical Machine Design Data Book,3rd
Edition, 3
rd Reprint 1988- Wiely Eastern Ltd.,- New Delhi

[R3] Vishnu Murti, “Computer Aided Design for Electrical Machines”, B. S. Publications.
[R4] Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Transformers - TMH.

303150: Control System Engineering

Unit 01

Basics of Control System 07 hrs
Basic concepts of control system, classification of control systems, types of control system: feedback,
tracking, regulator system, feed forward system, transfer function, concept of pole and zero, modeling
of Electrical and Mechanical systems (Only series linear and rotary motion) using differential
equations and transfer function , analogy between electrical and mechanical systems, block diagram
algebra, signal flow graph, Mason’s gain formula.
Unit 02

Time domain analysis 06 hrs
Concept of transient and steady state response, standard test signals: step, ramp, parabolic and impulse
signal, type and order of control system, time response of first and second order systems to unit
impulse, unit step input, time domain specifications of second order systems, derivation of time
domain specifications for second-order under-damped system for unit step input, steady state error
and static error coefficients.
Unit 03

Stability analysis and Root Locus 05 hrs
Concept of stability: BIBO, nature of system response for various locations of poles in S-plane.
Routh’s-Hurwitz criterion. Root Locus: Angle and magnitude condition, Basic properties of root locus.
Construction of root locus, Stability analysis using root locus.
Unit 04

Frequency domain analysis-I 06 hrs
Introduction, Frequency domain specifications, correlation between time and frequency domain
specifications, polar Plot, Nyquist plot, stability analysis using Nyquist plot.
Unit 05 Frequency domain analysis-II
Introduction to Bode plot, Asymptotic approximation: sketching of Bode plot, stability analysis using
Bode plot.
Unit 06

PID controllers and Control system components 06 hrs
Basic concept of P, PI, PID controller, design specifications in time domain and frequency domain.
design of PID controller by Root Locus, tuning of PID controllers using Ziegler-Nichol Methods
Control System Components: Working principle and transfer function of Lag network, lead network,
potentiometer, DC servo motors.
Test Books:
[T1] I.J. Nagrath, M. Gopal, “Control System Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 6th edition, 2017.

[T2] Katsuhiko Ogata, “Modern control system engineering”, Prentice Hall, 2010.
[T3] Nise N. S. “Control Systems Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2011
[T4] R. Anandanatrajan and P. Ramesh Babu, “Control Systems Engineering”, Scitech Publication,3rd edition, 2011

[T5] C. D. Johnson, “Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8th edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2013
Reference Books:
[R1] B. C. Kuo, “Automatic Control System”, Wiley India, 8th Edition, 2003.
[R2] Richard C Dorf and Robert H Bishop, “Modern control system”, Pearson Education, 12th edition, 2011.

[R3] D. Roy Choudhary, "Modern Control Engineering", PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
[R4] B. Wayne Bequette, “Process Control: Modeling, Design and Simulation”, PHI, 2003.