Introduction to Financial Accounts
Unit 1 - Introduction
• Meaning and Scope of Accounting: Need and development, definition: Book-Keeping and accounting, Persons interested in accounting, Branches of accounting, Objectives of accounting
• Accounting principles: Introductions to Concepts and conventions.
• Introduction to Accounting Standards: Meaning and Scope)
AS 1 : Disclosure to Accounting Policies
AS 6: Depreciation Accounting.
AS 9: Revenue Recognition.
AS 10: Accounting For Fixed Assets.
• International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): Introduction to IFRS
IAS-1:Presenttion of Financial Statements (Introductory Knowledge)
IAS-2:Inventories (Introductory Knowledge)
• Accounting in Computerized Environment: Introduction, Features and application in various areas of Accounting
Unit 2 - Accounting Transactions
Accounting transactions: Accounting cycle, Journal, Journal proper, Opening and closing entries, Relationship between journal & ledger: Rules regarding posting: Trial balance: Subsidiary books (Purchase, Purchase Returns, Sales, Sales Returns & cash book –Triple Column), Bank Reconciliation Statement.
• Expenditure:Classification of Expenditure- Capital, revenue and Deferred Revenue expenditureUnusual expenses: Effects of error: Criteria test.
• Receipts: Capital receipt, Revenue receipt, distinction between capital receipts and revenue receipts.
• Profit or Loss: Revenue profit or loss, capital profit or loss
Unit 3 - Depreciation Accounting & Trial Balance
Depreciation accounting: Practical problem based on depreciation using SLM and RBM methods. (Where Provision for depreciation Account not
maintained).
Preparation of Trial Balance:Introduction and Preparation of Trial Balance
Unit 4 - Final Accounts
Introduction to Final Accounts of a Sole proprietor.
• Rectification of errors.
• Manufacturing Account, Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet.
• Preparation and presentation of Final Accounts in horizontal format
• Introduction to Schedule 6 of Companies Act ,1956
Business Law
Unit 1 - Contract Act, 1872 & Sale of Goods Act, 1930
• Contract Act,1872: Essential elements of Contract; Agreement and Contract – Capacity to Contract, free consent, consideration, lawful objects/
consideration, Breach of contract. Remedies for breach of Contract.
• Sale of Goods Act,1930: Scope of Act, Sale and Agreement to sell, essential of a valid Sale Contract – Conditions and warranties – Implied Condition and warranties, Rights of an unpaid seller.
Unit 2 - Negotiable Instrument Act, 1981 & Consumer Protection Act, 1986
• Negotiable Instrument Act,1981: Introduction of Negotiable Instruments – Characteristics of negotiable instruments, Promissory note, Bills of exchange, Cheque, Dishonour of Cheque.
• Consumer Protection Act, 1986: Objects of Consumer Protection- Introduction of Consumers, who is consumer? Meaning of the words “Goods and services” – Meaning of thewords “Defects and Deficiencies of goods and services” Consumer disputes and Complaints.
Unit 3 - Company Law
• Company Law: What is company? – Incorporation of company – MOA, AOA, Prospectus, Meetings, Meaning of transfer and transmission of shares.
Unit 4 - Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
IPR definition/ objectives
Patent definition. What is patentable? What is not patentable? Invention And its Attributes, Inventors and Applications
Trademarks, definition, types of trademarks, infringement and passing off.
Copy right definition and subject in which copy right exists, Originality, Meaning and Content, Authors and Owners, Rights and Restrictions.
Geographical indications (only short notes)
Business Statistics
Unit 1 - Introduction to Statistics
• Introduction: Functions/Scope, Importance, Limitations
• Data: Relevance of Data(Current Scenario), Type of data(Primary & Secondary), Primary(Census vs Samples, Method of Collection (In Brief), Secondary(Merits, Limitations, Sources) (In Brief)
• Presentation Of Data:Classification – Frequency Distribution – Discrete &
Continuous, Tabulation, Graph(Frequency, Bar Diagram, Pie Chart, Histogram, Ogives)
• Measures Of Central Tendency:Mean(A.M, Weighted, Combined),
Median(Calculation and graphical using Ogives), Mode(Calculation and Graphical using Histogram), Comparative analysis of all measures of Central Tendency
Unit 2 - Measures of Dispersion, Co-Relation and Linear Regression
• Measures Of Dispersion: Range with C.R(Co-Efficient Of Range), Quartiles & Quartile deviation with CQ (Co-Efficient Of Quartile), Mean Deviation from mean with CMD (Co-Efficient Of Mean Deviation), Standard deviation with CV(Co-Efficient Of Variance), Skewness& Kurtosis (Only concept)
• Co-Relation: Karl Pearson, Rank Co-Relation
• Linear Regression: Least Square Method
Unit 3 - Time Series and Index Number
• Time Series: Least Square Method, Moving Average Method, Determination of Season
• Index Number: Simple(unweighted) Aggregate Method, Weighted Aggregate Method, Simple Average of Price Relatives, Weighted Average of Price Relatives, Chain Base Index Numbers, Base Shifting, Splicing and Deflating, Cost of Living Index Number
Unit 4 - Probability and Decision Theory
• Probability: Concept of Sample space, Concept of Event, Definition of Probability, Addition & Multiplication laws of Probability, Conditional Probability, Bayes’ Theorem(Concept only), Expectation & Variance, Concept of Probability Distribution(Only Concept)
• Decision Theory: Acts, State of Nature Events, Pay offs, Opportunity loss, Decision Making under Certainty, Decision Making under Uncertainty,
• Non-Probability: Maximax, Maximin, Minimax, Regret, Laplace &Hurwicz)
• Probabilitistics (Decision Making under risk):EMV, EOL, EVPI
• Decision Tree
Foundation of Human Skills
Unit 1 - Understanding of Human Nature
• IndividualBehaviour:Concept of a man, individual differences, factors affecting individual differences, Influence of environment
• Personality and attitude: Determinants of personality, Personality traits theory, Big five model, Personality traits important for organizational behaviour like authoritarianism, locus of control, Machiavellianism, introversion-extroversion achievement orientation , self – esteem, risk taking, self-monitoring and type A and B personalities, Concept of understanding self through JOHARI WINDOWS, Nature and components of attitude, Functions of attitude, Ways of changing attitude, Reading emotions
• Thinking, learning and perceptions: Thinking skills, thinking styles and thinking hat, Managerial skills and development, Learning characteristics, theories of learning (classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning approaches), Intelligence, type ( IQ, EQ, SQ, at work place), Perception features and factor influencing individual perception, Effects of perceptual error in managerial decision making at work place. (Errors such as Halo effect, stereotyping, prejudice attributional).
Unit 2 - Introduction to Group Behaviour
• Introduction to Group Behaviour
Group Dynamics: Nature, types, group behaviour model (roles, norms, status, process, structures)
Team effectiveness: nature, types of teams, ways of forming an effective team.
Setting goals.
• Organizational processes and system.
Power and politics: nature, bases of power, politics nature, types, causes of organizational politics, political games.
Organizational conflicts and resolution: Conflict features, types, causes leading to organizational conflicts, levels of conflicts, ways to resolve conflicts through five conflicts resolution strategies with outcomes.
Unit 3 - Organizational Culture and Motivation at workplace
• Organizational Culture:
Characteristics of organizational culture.
Types, functions and barriers of organizational culture
Ways of creating and maintaining effective organization culture
• Motivation at workplace: Concept of motivation
Theories of motivation in an organisational set up.
A.Maslow Need Heirachy
F.Hertzberg Dual Factor
Mc.Gregor theory X and theory Y. Waysofmotivating through carrot (positive reinforcement) and stick (negative reinforcement) at workplace.
Unit 4 - Organisational Change, Creativity and Development and Work Stress
• Organisational change and creativity: Concepts of organisational change,
Factors leading/influencing organisational change, Kurt Lewins model of organisational change and development, Creativity and qualities of a creative person, Ways of enhancing creativity for effective decision making, Creative problem solving.
• Organisational Development and work stress: Need for organisational development, OD Techniques, Stress, types of stress, Causes and consequences of job stress, Ways for coping up with job stress
UNIT 1 - Nature of Management
• Management: Concept, Significance, Role & Skills, Levels of Management,
Concepts of PODSCORB, Managerial Grid.
• Evolution of Management thoughts, Contribution of F.W Taylor, Henri Fayol
and Contingency Approach.
UNIT 2 -Planning and Decision Making
• Planning: Meaning, Importance, Elements, Process, Limitations and MBO.
• Decision Making: Meaning, Importance, Process, Techniques of Decision
Making.
UNIT 3 - Organizing
• Organizing: Concepts, Structure (Formal & Informal, Line & Staff and Matrix),
Meaning, Advantages and Limitations
• Departmentation: Meaning, Basis and Significance
• Span of Control: Meaning, Graicunas Theory, Factors affecting span of
ControlCentralization vs Decentralization
• Delegation: Authority & Responsibility relationship
UNIT 4 - Directing, Leadership, Co-ordination and Controlling
• Directing: Meaning and Process
• Leadership: Meaning, Styles and Qualities of Good Leader
• Co-ordination as an Essence of Management
• Controlling: Meaning, Process and Techniques
• Recent Trends: Green Management & CSR
Principles of Marketing
Introduction to Marketing
• Introduction to Marketing:Definition, features, advantages and scope of
marketing. The 4P’s and 4C’s of marketing. Marketing v/s Selling. Marketing as
an activity and function
• Concepts of Marketing: Needs, wants and demands, transactions, transfer
and exchanges.
• Orientations of a firm: Production concept; Product concept; selling concept
and marketing concept, social relationship, Holistic marketing.
Marketing Environment, Research and Consumer Behaviour
2 Marketing Environment, Research and Consumer Behaviour
• The micro environment of business: Management structure; Marketing
Channels; Markets in which a firm operates; competitors and stakeholders.
• Macro environment: Political Factors; Economic Factors; Socio Cultural Factors
, Technological Factors (PEST Analysis)
• Marketing research: Meaning, features, Importance of marketing research.
Types of marketing research: Product research; Sales research;
consumer/customer research; production research
• MIS:Meaning, features and Importance
• Consumer Behaviour: Meaning, feature, importance, factors affecting
Consumer Behaviour
Marketing Mix
• Marketing mix: Meaning –elements of Marketing Mix.
• Product-product mix-product line lifecycle-product planning – New product
development- failure of new product-levels of product.
• Branding –Packing and packaging – role and importance
• Pricing – objectives- factors influencing pricing policy and Pricing strategy.
• Physical distribution – meaning – factor affecting channel selection-types of
marketing channels
• Promotion – meaning and significance of promotion. Promotion
• tools (brief)
Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning and Trends In Marketing
• Segmentation – meaning , importance , basis
• Targeting – meaning , types
• Positioning – meaning – strategies
• New trends in marketing – E-marketing , Internet marketing and marketing
using Social network
• Social marketing/ Relationship marketing
Business Mathematics
1 Elementary Financial Mathematics
• Simple and Compound Interest: Interest compounded once a year, more than
once a year, continuous, nominal and effective rate of interest
• Annuity-Present and future value-sinking funds
• Depreciation of Assets: Equated Monthly Installments (EMI)- using flat
interest rate and reducing balance method.
• Functions:Algebraic functions and the functions used in business and
economics, Break Even and Equilibrium point.
• Permutation and Combination: (Simple problems to be solved with the
calculator only)
2 Matrices and Determinants
• Matrices: Some important definitions and some important results. Matrix
operation (Addition, scalar multiplication , matrix multiplication, transpose of
a matrix)
• Determinants of a matrix of order two or three: properties and results of
Determinants
• Solving a system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule
• Inverse of a Matrix (up to order three) using ad-joint of a matrix and matrix
inversion method
• Case study: Input Output Analysis
3 Derivatives and Applications of Derivatives
• Introduction and Concept: Derivatives of constant function, logarithmic
functions, polynomial and exponential function
• Rules of derivatives: addition, multiplication, quotient
• Second order derivatives
• Application of Derivatives: Maxima, Minima, Average Cost and Marginal Cost.
Total revenue, Marginal revenue, Average revenue. Average and Marginal
profit. Price elasticity of demand
4 Numerical Analysis [Interpolation]
• Introduction and concept: Finite differences – forward difference operator –
Newton’s forward difference formula with simple examples
• Backward Difference Operator. Newton’s backward interpolation formula with
simple examples
Industrial Law
1 Laws Related to Industrial Relations and Industrial Disputes
• Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: Definition, Authorities, Awards, Settlements,
Strikes Lockouts, Lay Offs, Retrenchment and Closure
• The Trade Union Act, 1926
2 Laws Related to Health, Safety and Welfare
• The Factory Act 1948: (Provisions related to Health, Safety and Welfare)
• The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 Provisions:
Introduction: The doctrine of assumed risk, The doctrine of Common
Employment, The doctrine of Contributory Negligence
Definitions
Employers liability for compensation (S-3 to 13)
Rules as to Compensation (Sec 4 to Sec 9) (14 A & 17)
3 Social Legislation
• Employee State Insurance Act 1948: Definition and Employees Provident Fund
• Miscellaneous Provision Act 1948: Schemes, Administration and
determination of dues
4 Laws Related To Compensation Management
• The payment of Wages Act 1948: Objectives, Definition, Authorised
Deductions
• Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
• The Payment Of Gratuity Act, 1972
Business Environment
1 Introduction to Business Environment
• Business: Meaning, Definition, Nature & Scope, Types of Business
Organizations
• Business Environment: Meaning, Characteristics, Scope and Significance,
Components of Business Environment
• Micro and Macro Environment: Definition, Differentiation, Analysis of Business
Environment, SWOT Analysis.
• Introduction to Micro-Environment:
Internal Environment: Value system, Mission, Objectives, Organizational
Structure, Organizational Resources, Company Image, Brand Equity
External Environment: Firm, customers, suppliers, distributors,
Competitors, Society
• Introduction to Macro Components: Demographic, Natural, Political, Social,
Cultural, Economic, Technological, International and Legal)
2 Political and Legal environment
• Political Institutions: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary, Role of government in
Business, Legal framework in India.
• Economic environment: economic system and economic policies. Concept of
Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed Economy
• Impact of business on Private sector, Public sector and Joint sector
• Sun-rise sectors of India Economy. Challenges of Indian economy.
3 Social and Cultural Environment, Technological environment and Competitive
Environment
• Social and Cultural Environment: Nature, Impact of foreign culture on
Business, Traditional Values and its Impact, Social Audit - Meaning and
Importance of Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility of Business
• Technological environment: Features, impact of technology on Business
• Competitive Environment: Meaning, Michael Porter’s Five Forces Analysis,
Competitive Strategies
4 International Environment
• International Environment –
GATT/ WTO: Objective and Evolution of GATT, Uruguay round, GATT v/s
WTO, Functions of WTO, Pros and Cons of WTO.
Globalization: Meaning, Nature and stages of Globalization, features of
Globalization, Foreign Market entry strategies, LPG model.
MNCs: Definition, meaning, merits, demerits, MNCs in India
FDI: Meaning, FDI concepts and functions, Need for FDI in developing
countries, Factors influencing FDI, FDI operations in India,
• Challenges faced by International Business and Investment Opportunities for
Indian Industry.