KEC-601 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

4 Credits

I Random Variables: Concept of Probability, Random variables, Statistical averages, Random process, Power Spectral Density & Autocorrelation Function of Random Processes, Gaussian Random Process.

II Digital Communication Basics: Introduction to Digital communication systems, PSD of Line Coding schemes, Pulse shaping, Scrambling, Eye diagram, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization scheme.

III Digital Modulation: Modulation and Demodulation of Digital modulation schemes-ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK. Constellation diagram, Introduction to M-ary communication.

IV Digital Receiver: Optimum threshold detection, Concept of Matched Filters, BER analysis of BASK, BFSK, BPSK, Introduction of Spread spectrum communication (DS-SS, FH-SS).

V Information Theory: Measure of information-information, entropy, mutual information, mutual entropy, Source encoding (Shannon-Fano, Huffman), Shannon’s channel capacity theorem, Introduction to error correction and detection, Linear block codes, Cyclic codes (systematic, non-systematic), Convolution coding and decoding.

Text Books:
1. B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog communication Systems”, 4th Edition, Oxford University Press.
2. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communications”, 5th Edition, TMH.
3. H. Taub, D L Schilling, Gautam Saha, “Principles of Communication”, 4th Edition, TMH.
4. Singh & Sapray, Communication Systems, 3th Edition, TMH.

Reference Books:
1. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, 5th Edition, Wiley India.
2. (Schaum's Outline Series) H P HSU & D Mitra, “Analog and Digital Communications”, TMH, 3rd Edition.

KEC-603 Antenna & Wave Propagation

4 Credits

I Coordinate Systems and Transformation: Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical  transformation. Vector calculus: Differential length, area and volume, line, surface and volume integrals, Del operator, Gradient, Divergence of a vector, Divergence theorem, Curl of a vector, Stokes’s theorem, Laplacian of a scalar.

II Electrostatic fields and Magnetostatic fields: Electric field intensity, Electric field due to charge distribution, Electric flux density, Gauss’s Law- Maxwell’s equation, Continuity equation and relaxation time, boundary conditions, Magneto-static fields, Ampere’s circuit law, Maxwell’s equation, magnetic scalar and vector potential, Magnetic boundary conditions, Maxwell’s equation in final form.

III Antenna fundamental and definitions: Introduction, Basic antenna parameters, Patterns, Beam area (or Beam solid angle) ΩA, Radiation intensity, Beam efficiency, Directivity D and Gain G, Directivity and resolution, Antenna apertures, Effective height, The radio communication link, Fields from oscillating dipole, Single-to-noise ratio (SNR), Antenna temperature, Antenna impedance.

IV Antenna Design: Electric dipoles, The short electric dipole, The fields of a short dipole, Radiation resistance of short electric dipole, Thin linear antenna, Radiation resistance of λ/2 antenna, Array of two driven λ/2 elements: Broadside case and end-fire case, Horizontal antennas above a plane ground, Vertical antennas above a plane ground, Yagi-Uda antenna design, Longwire antennas, Folded dipole antennas.

V Wave Propagation: Plane earth reflection, Space wave and surface wave. Space wave propagation: Introduction, Field strength relation, Effects of imperfect earth, Effects of curvature of earth. Sky wave propagation: Introduction structural, details of the ionosphere, Wave propagation mechanism, Refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere, Ray path, Critical frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual height and skip distance, Relation between MUF and the skip distance, Multi-Hop propagation, Wave characteristics.

Text Books:
1. MNO Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetic’, 7th Ed, Oxford University Press, 2018.
2. John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, “Antennas and Wave Propagation”, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2017.
3. Das, Antennas and Wave Propagation, TMH 1st Edition.
4. C. A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design", John Wiley, 2016.
5. WH Hayt and JA Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetic”, 7th Edition TMH, 2013.
6. (Schaums Outlines Series) Joseph J. Distefano III, Allen R. Stubberud, Ivan J. Williams, “Engineering Electromagnetic”, 3rd Edition, TMH, Special Indian Edition, 2010.

KNC501 CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, LAW AND ENGINEERING

Module 1-Introduction and Basic Information about Indian Constitution:
Meaning of the constitution law and constitutionalism, Historical Background of the Constituent Assembly, Government of India Act of 1935 and Indian Independence Act of 1947,Enforcement of the Constitution, Indian Constitution and its Salient Features, The Preamble of the Constitution, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy, Parliamentary System, Federal System, Centre-State Relations, Amendment of the Constitutional Powers and Procedure, The historical perspectives of the constitutional amendments in India, Emergency Provisions: National Emergency, President Rule, Financial Emergency, and Local Self Government – Constitutional Scheme in India.

Module 2-Union Executive and State Executive:
Powers of Indian Parliament Functions of Rajya Sabha, Functions of Lok Sabha, Powers and Functions of the President, Comparison of powers of Indian President with the United States, Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister, Judiciary – The Independence of the Supreme Court, Appointment of Judges, Judicial Review, Public Interest Litigation, Judicial Activism, LokPal, Lok Ayukta, The Lokpal and Lok ayuktas Act 2013, State Executives – Powers and Functions of the Governor, Powers and Functions of the Chief Minister, Functions of State Cabinet, Functions of State Legislature, Functions of High Court and Subordinate Courts.

Module 3- Introduction and Basic Information about Legal System:
The Legal System: Sources of Law and the Court Structure: Enacted law -Acts of Parliament are of primary legislation, Common Law or Case law, Principles taken from decisions of judges constitute binding legal rules. The Court System in India and Foreign Courtiers (District Court, District Consumer Forum, Tribunals, High Courts, Supreme Court). Arbitration: As an alternative to resolving disputes in the normal courts, parties who are in dispute can agree that this will instead be referred to arbitration. Contract law, Tort, Law at workplace.

Module 4-Intellectual Property Laws and Regulation to Information:
Intellectual Property Laws- Introduction, Legal Aspects of Patents, Filing of Patent Applications, Rights from Patents, Infringement of Patents, Copyright and its Ownership, Infringement of Copyright, Civil Remedies for Infringement, Regulation to Information- Introduction, Right to Information Act, 2005, Information Technology Act, 2000, Electronic Governance, Secure Electronic Records and Digital Signatures, Digital Signature Certificates, Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal, Offences, Limitations of the Information Technology Act.

Module 5 -Business Organizations and E-Governance:
Sole Traders, Partnerships: Companies: The Company’s Act: Introduction, Formation of a Company, Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Prospectus, Shares, Directors, General Meetings and Proceedings, Auditor, Winding up. E-Governance and role of engineers in E-Governance, Need for reformed engineering serving at the Union and State level, Role of I.T. professionals in Judiciary, Problem of Alienation and Secessionism in few states creating hurdles in Industrial development.

Suggested Readings:
• Brij Kishore Sharma: Introduction to the Indian Constitution, PHI, New Delhi, latest edition.
• Granville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. 1966, Oxford Clarendon Press.
• Subhash C. Kashyap: Our Constitution: An Introduction to India’s Constitution and constitutional Law, NBT, 2018.
• PM Bakshi: The Constitution of India, Latest Edition, Universal Law Publishing.
• V.K. Ahuja: Law Relating to Intellectual Property Rights (2007)
• Suresh T. Viswanathan: The Indian Cyber Laws, Bharat Law House, New Delhi‐88
• P. Narayan: Intellectual Property Law, Eastern Law House, New Delhi
• Prabudh Ganguli: Gearing up for Patents: The Indian Scenario, Orient Longman.
• BL Wadehra: Patents, Trademarks, Designs and Geological Indications.Universal Law Publishing - LexisNexis.
• Intellectual Property Rights: Law and Practice, Module III by ICSI (only relevant sections)
• Executive programme study material Company Law, Module II, by ICSI (The Institute of Companies Secretaries of India) (Only relevant sections i.e., Study 1, 4 and
36).https://www.icsi.edu/media/webmodules/publications/Company%20Law.pdf
• Handbook on e-Governance Project Lifecycle, Department of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India, https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/e-Governance_Project_Lifecycle_Participant_Handbook-5Day_CourseV1_20412.pdf

• Companies Act, 2013 Key highlights and analysis by PWC.https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/publications/2013/companies-act-2013-key-highlights-and-
analysis.pdf