Eng
UNIT-5Comprehension Q1) Explain the different forms of letters.A1) Letters fall into the following category:1. Family Letters 2. Friendly Letters 3. Formal and Official Letters 4. Business Letters 5. Applications 5. Press or Newspaper LettersAll these types have common features as follows:1. Address and date2. Salutation3. SubscriptionThe address and date normally written at the right-side top corner of the letterhead sheet while Newspaper letters have them at the bottom left.The below following must be noted:1. Family Letters:(a) Salutation: Dear Father, My Dear Father, My Dear Mother, Dear Sister, Dear Brother and so on.(b) Subscription: Yours Sincerely, Very Sincerely Yours, etc. 2. Friendly Letters: (a) Salutation: Dear Ashok, Dear Rekha, and so on.(b) Subscription: Yours Sincerely, Very Sincerely Yours, Your Sincere Friend, etc.3. Formal or Official Letters:(a) It is mandatory to write the name and address of the person to whom it is written before the salutation.(b) Salutation: Sir, Ma’am(c) Subscription: Yours faithfully4. Business Letters:(a) Here too, name and address of the person to whom it is written should be included before the salutation.(b) Salutation: Dear Sir, Dear Ma’am, Gentlemen, etc.(c) Subscription: Yours faithfully, Yours Truly, etc.5. Applications:(a) The address of the applicant at the top right.(b) The name and address of the person applied to above the Salutation.(c) Salutation: Sir, Ma’am(d) Subscription: Yours faithfully, Yours truly(e) Application to your teacher or principal should have: Yours Obediently or Yours respectfully6. Press or Newspaper Letters:(a) Before the Salutation:The Editor,The Times Of India,Gujarat- 380007(b) Salutation: Sir, Ma’am(c) Subscription: Yours truly Q2) Explain the meaning of Essays.A2) You have been writing essays for really long time. So you must have a fair idea of how essays are written. Yet, we will have a detailed look into it:Essay is an attempt to write in a single prose-piece one’s own ideas, impressions, thoughts, feelings or opinions on a given subject. It could be in the form of information, narration, description, exposition or argument.Usually students find difficulties in writing essays; what to write and how to write.If the student doesn’t know what to write then he or she may lack sufficient ideas, information, experience or thinking about the subject of an essay. This difficulty can be overcome by reading, careful observation and talking with various knowledgeable and experienced people. Students will be able to write essay well if they have read, seen, heard or done well.If the student faces difficulty on how to write the essays then he or she may lack sufficient vocabulary and power of expression. Sometimes, it happens that the students lack enough and proper words to express themselves and their thoughts and ideas in written form. Some may also lack proficiency in the language. Here also reading will help immensely. Extensive reading provides sufficient and rich words on various subjects to form proper sentences and put their thoughts on the paper. Q3) How to write an essay?A3) Essay can be written by following certain steps:1. It will be really difficult for anyone to write an essay unless you have sufficient subject knowledge. Hence, one needs to upgrade themselves by reading books and newspapers and talking with knowledgeable and experienced people around. Only when you get sufficient knowledge from them, you will be a pro in writing.2. When you see the topic of the essay, you should not start writing the essay straight away. Take some time to recollect the ideas and thoughts and any incidences you may have come across related to the subject and jot down the points. Then you can arrange those points under proper headings. Later, you can put together in a synchronizing manner.3. Once the outline is ready, you can start writing the essay with the three main parts:(a) Beginning (Introduction) (b) Middle (Body) (c) End (Conclusion)(a) The beginning of the essay should contain an introduction of the subject we are going to write upon. It should be brief, concise, striking and interesting. This should contain only one paragraph about the topic and the discussion related to the topic should have sufficient information.(b) The middle of the Body of the essay should be really long. This is the heart of the essay. Here the main are developed. They are discussed and illustrated. If required, this section can be divided into paragraphs and each paragraph should be intertwined with each other. If they are in chronological and logical sequence, the topic discussed can be elaborated on a single idea or topic.(c) The end of the essay should be the conclusion of the topic of discussion. All the ideas and points are summed up here. The end must conclude the topic of discussion or argument. The essay must not end abruptly hence this section is mandatory too.4. There must be unity and continuity in an essay. All the ideas or thoughts or point of discussion should revolve around the main idea or one single topic mentioned in the title. It should be arranged in a logical and chronological manner.5. Avoid unnecessary words or phrases. If certain phrases are not apt to the topic given then there is no need to mention or quote that. 6. Be simple, brief and clear. Your discussion on the given topic should not be in unambiguous way. Avoid long, complicated sentences. Don’t confuse the readers by unnecessary discussion.7. Do not use unnecessary illustrations or figures of speech. The illustrations and figures of speech should be used only when it is necessary or when it is apt to the given topic.8. Try to avoid plagiarism. Write on your own words. Use your own thoughts and ideas and express them on your own way.9. Remember that the excellence comes out of practice. If you want your writing skills to be at par, you would have to read and write more. Q4) How to improve Comprehension skills?A4) Comprehension reading is the ability to comprehend or understand what you are reading. When you are able to comprehend what you are reading, you can extract meaning from the text and better understand what the author has to say. It is important for several reasons and can provide many benefits. There are seven strategies that helps to improve your comprehension skills. They are:1. Improve your vocabulary- It is necessary to read as much as possible to improve your ability to comprehend the meaning of the text. If there’s any unfamiliar word then you have to take the references of the dictionary. When you learn new words, your vocabulary improves.2. Ask questions- When you ask questions about what you are reading, it will help in improving your comprehension reading. It can also help you in improving overall understanding of the text you are reading and can ultimately comprehend it easily.3. Use context clues- Context clues can be found in the words and sentences surrounding the word that you are not familiar with. For this, you have to focus on the key phrases or ideas in a sentence. With this information, you can get the main idea of a sentence or paragraph.4. Identify the main idea- This can help you understand the importance of the text you are reading. If you understand the reason of reading the text before you, will give you a better idea what the author is trying to convey. If you put this into your own words, you will be able to comprehend the text easily.5. Summary- If the text is long then it is better to write the summary of what you are reading. This will help you not only to get in-depth knowledge in the text but also understand what is important and which is unimportant topic. This will also help you to remember for a longer period of time what you have read.6. Clutter- Break the long sentences and paragraphs into smaller sections. This will help you to understand the text better. Some authors make the text complex. Hence, breaking it into smaller units will help you also gain more information.7. Read for pleasure- If you read the text with an attitude that you ‘have’ to read it then probably you wouldn’t understand the text as the author tries to convey. But if you really enjoy and take interest in reading the text, and begin reading with an attitude of you ‘want’ to read it then you will find pleasure in it and will understand the text in-depth. However, you have to be patient enough as comprehension reading takes time and effort. You have to work hard in order to progress in comprehension. Patience is the key and when you enjoy this journey of reading, the ultimate destination will be a rewarding one. Q5) Mention some of the synonyms and antonyms.A5) SYNONYMSTranscripts – recording/hard copyGrotesque – distorted/anticCackle – giggle/chuckleUnmusical – inharmonious/unmelodiousYapping – gossip/ babblingRhetoric – composition/discourseMumble – whisper/murmurPedantic – particular/overniceAffectation – artificiality/pretensionIndignation – anger/resentmentTyranny – autocracy/dictatorshipTrombone – sackbut/brass instrumentInquisitiveness – curious/pryingVigil – watch/lookout ANTONYMSTranscripts – abstract/reiterationGrotesque – ordinary/normalCackle – moan/sobUnmusical – musical/melodiousYapping – low/huskyRhetoric – quiet/restrainedMumble – speak up/speak clearlyPedantic – hasty/rushedAffectation – naturalness/doen-to-earthnessIndignation – contentment/happinessTyranny – democracy/liberalityInquisitiveness – uncurious/uninterestedVigil – ignorance/negligence
UNIT-5Comprehension Q1) Explain the different forms of letters.A1) Letters fall into the following category:1. Family Letters 2. Friendly Letters 3. Formal and Official Letters 4. Business Letters 5. Applications 5. Press or Newspaper LettersAll these types have common features as follows:1. Address and date2. Salutation3. SubscriptionThe address and date normally written at the right-side top corner of the letterhead sheet while Newspaper letters have them at the bottom left.The below following must be noted:1. Family Letters:(a) Salutation: Dear Father, My Dear Father, My Dear Mother, Dear Sister, Dear Brother and so on.(b) Subscription: Yours Sincerely, Very Sincerely Yours, etc. 2. Friendly Letters: (a) Salutation: Dear Ashok, Dear Rekha, and so on.(b) Subscription: Yours Sincerely, Very Sincerely Yours, Your Sincere Friend, etc.3. Formal or Official Letters:(a) It is mandatory to write the name and address of the person to whom it is written before the salutation.(b) Salutation: Sir, Ma’am(c) Subscription: Yours faithfully4. Business Letters:(a) Here too, name and address of the person to whom it is written should be included before the salutation.(b) Salutation: Dear Sir, Dear Ma’am, Gentlemen, etc.(c) Subscription: Yours faithfully, Yours Truly, etc.5. Applications:(a) The address of the applicant at the top right.(b) The name and address of the person applied to above the Salutation.(c) Salutation: Sir, Ma’am(d) Subscription: Yours faithfully, Yours truly(e) Application to your teacher or principal should have: Yours Obediently or Yours respectfully6. Press or Newspaper Letters:(a) Before the Salutation:The Editor,The Times Of India,Gujarat- 380007(b) Salutation: Sir, Ma’am(c) Subscription: Yours truly Q2) Explain the meaning of Essays.A2) You have been writing essays for really long time. So you must have a fair idea of how essays are written. Yet, we will have a detailed look into it:Essay is an attempt to write in a single prose-piece one’s own ideas, impressions, thoughts, feelings or opinions on a given subject. It could be in the form of information, narration, description, exposition or argument.Usually students find difficulties in writing essays; what to write and how to write.If the student doesn’t know what to write then he or she may lack sufficient ideas, information, experience or thinking about the subject of an essay. This difficulty can be overcome by reading, careful observation and talking with various knowledgeable and experienced people. Students will be able to write essay well if they have read, seen, heard or done well.If the student faces difficulty on how to write the essays then he or she may lack sufficient vocabulary and power of expression. Sometimes, it happens that the students lack enough and proper words to express themselves and their thoughts and ideas in written form. Some may also lack proficiency in the language. Here also reading will help immensely. Extensive reading provides sufficient and rich words on various subjects to form proper sentences and put their thoughts on the paper. Q3) How to write an essay?A3) Essay can be written by following certain steps:1. It will be really difficult for anyone to write an essay unless you have sufficient subject knowledge. Hence, one needs to upgrade themselves by reading books and newspapers and talking with knowledgeable and experienced people around. Only when you get sufficient knowledge from them, you will be a pro in writing.2. When you see the topic of the essay, you should not start writing the essay straight away. Take some time to recollect the ideas and thoughts and any incidences you may have come across related to the subject and jot down the points. Then you can arrange those points under proper headings. Later, you can put together in a synchronizing manner.3. Once the outline is ready, you can start writing the essay with the three main parts:(a) Beginning (Introduction) (b) Middle (Body) (c) End (Conclusion)(a) The beginning of the essay should contain an introduction of the subject we are going to write upon. It should be brief, concise, striking and interesting. This should contain only one paragraph about the topic and the discussion related to the topic should have sufficient information.(b) The middle of the Body of the essay should be really long. This is the heart of the essay. Here the main are developed. They are discussed and illustrated. If required, this section can be divided into paragraphs and each paragraph should be intertwined with each other. If they are in chronological and logical sequence, the topic discussed can be elaborated on a single idea or topic.(c) The end of the essay should be the conclusion of the topic of discussion. All the ideas and points are summed up here. The end must conclude the topic of discussion or argument. The essay must not end abruptly hence this section is mandatory too.4. There must be unity and continuity in an essay. All the ideas or thoughts or point of discussion should revolve around the main idea or one single topic mentioned in the title. It should be arranged in a logical and chronological manner.5. Avoid unnecessary words or phrases. If certain phrases are not apt to the topic given then there is no need to mention or quote that. 6. Be simple, brief and clear. Your discussion on the given topic should not be in unambiguous way. Avoid long, complicated sentences. Don’t confuse the readers by unnecessary discussion.7. Do not use unnecessary illustrations or figures of speech. The illustrations and figures of speech should be used only when it is necessary or when it is apt to the given topic.8. Try to avoid plagiarism. Write on your own words. Use your own thoughts and ideas and express them on your own way.9. Remember that the excellence comes out of practice. If you want your writing skills to be at par, you would have to read and write more. Q4) How to improve Comprehension skills?A4) Comprehension reading is the ability to comprehend or understand what you are reading. When you are able to comprehend what you are reading, you can extract meaning from the text and better understand what the author has to say. It is important for several reasons and can provide many benefits. There are seven strategies that helps to improve your comprehension skills. They are:1. Improve your vocabulary- It is necessary to read as much as possible to improve your ability to comprehend the meaning of the text. If there’s any unfamiliar word then you have to take the references of the dictionary. When you learn new words, your vocabulary improves.2. Ask questions- When you ask questions about what you are reading, it will help in improving your comprehension reading. It can also help you in improving overall understanding of the text you are reading and can ultimately comprehend it easily.3. Use context clues- Context clues can be found in the words and sentences surrounding the word that you are not familiar with. For this, you have to focus on the key phrases or ideas in a sentence. With this information, you can get the main idea of a sentence or paragraph.4. Identify the main idea- This can help you understand the importance of the text you are reading. If you understand the reason of reading the text before you, will give you a better idea what the author is trying to convey. If you put this into your own words, you will be able to comprehend the text easily.5. Summary- If the text is long then it is better to write the summary of what you are reading. This will help you not only to get in-depth knowledge in the text but also understand what is important and which is unimportant topic. This will also help you to remember for a longer period of time what you have read.6. Clutter- Break the long sentences and paragraphs into smaller sections. This will help you to understand the text better. Some authors make the text complex. Hence, breaking it into smaller units will help you also gain more information.7. Read for pleasure- If you read the text with an attitude that you ‘have’ to read it then probably you wouldn’t understand the text as the author tries to convey. But if you really enjoy and take interest in reading the text, and begin reading with an attitude of you ‘want’ to read it then you will find pleasure in it and will understand the text in-depth. However, you have to be patient enough as comprehension reading takes time and effort. You have to work hard in order to progress in comprehension. Patience is the key and when you enjoy this journey of reading, the ultimate destination will be a rewarding one. Q5) Mention some of the synonyms and antonyms.A5) SYNONYMSTranscripts – recording/hard copyGrotesque – distorted/anticCackle – giggle/chuckleUnmusical – inharmonious/unmelodiousYapping – gossip/ babblingRhetoric – composition/discourseMumble – whisper/murmurPedantic – particular/overniceAffectation – artificiality/pretensionIndignation – anger/resentmentTyranny – autocracy/dictatorshipTrombone – sackbut/brass instrumentInquisitiveness – curious/pryingVigil – watch/lookout ANTONYMSTranscripts – abstract/reiterationGrotesque – ordinary/normalCackle – moan/sobUnmusical – musical/melodiousYapping – low/huskyRhetoric – quiet/restrainedMumble – speak up/speak clearlyPedantic – hasty/rushedAffectation – naturalness/doen-to-earthnessIndignation – contentment/happinessTyranny – democracy/liberalityInquisitiveness – uncurious/uninterestedVigil – ignorance/negligence
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