UNIT 4
Ans. Quality may be defined in several ways as,
(a) The component is said to possess good quality, if it works well in the equipment, for which, it is meant. Thus, quality is defined as “fitness for purpose”.
(b) Quality is a distinguishing feature or grade of product in appearance, performance, life, reliability, taste, odour, maintainability etc.
(c) Quality is a degree, to which, a specified product manufactured by a company is preferred by consumers over competing products of equivalent grade, but manufactured by other companies.
(d) Quality is a measure of degree of general excellence of the product
2. Define cost of quality.
Ans. Cost of quality
(a) Cost of Prevention
(b) Cost of appraisal
(c) Cost of failure.
3. Explain various type of cost of qualities.
Ans. (a) Cost of Prevention
_ Cost of quality planning i.e. cost of market research and product
development.
_ Cost of quality control i.e. cost associated with implementing quality plans.
_ Cost of quality engineering, technical and supervisory costs of preventing the recurring defects.
_ Cost of investigation, analysis and correction of causes of defect by quality control department.
(b) Cost of appraisal
_ Receiving parts inspection.
_ In-process parts inspection.
_ Finished parts inspection.
_ Cost of maintaining accuracy of setup for inspection.
_ Maintenance and calibration of inspection equipment.
_ Review of test and processing of inspection data.
_ Quality audit.
(c) Cost of failure
a) Cost of Internal failure
_ Cost associated with scrap i.e. cost of material and labour charges.
_ Cost of rework and repair i.e. cost of converting defective items into non-defective items.
_ Cost of re-inspecting and re-testing the repaired items.
b) Cost of External failure
_ Cost of processing complaints from the consumers.
_ Cost of inspecting and repairing defective items returned by consumers.
_ Cost of replacing the defective materials.
4. Explain value of quality.
Ans.
Examples of Grade: Appearance, Reliability, Interchangeability, Performance, Maintainability etc.
5. Explain Deming’s cycles.
Ans.
Benefits of the PDCA cycle:
6. Explain Demings 14 points.
Ans.
DEMING’S 14 POINTS
These total quality management principles can be put into place by any organization to more effectively implement total quality management
7. Explain Juran trilogy approach.
Ans.
The Juran Trilogy
ii. Quality Control:
iii. Quality Improvement:
All the three processes are interlinked and will affect one another in due course of the journey. Thus the processes are corrected individually and streamlined to help each other in Quality Management journey, the end objective.
8. List & explain new quality tools.
Ans.
2. Histogram
3. Pareto Analysis
4. Fishbone Diagram or Cause & effect diagram
5. Scatter Diagram
6. Flowchart
7. Control Chart
9. Explain quality circles.
Ans.
Characteristics of Quality Circle
Functioning of Quality Circle
10. Explain importance of initial planning for quality.
Ans.
11. Explain concept of controllability – self controls.
Ans.
This knowledge mainly consist of following points:
2. Second Criteria : Knowledge of ‘actually doing’
For self control people must have knowledge whether their performance is as per standard or not. This confirmation leads to the following points:
3. Third Criteria : ‘Ability to regulate’
12. Explain quality responsibilities on the factory flow.
Ans.
13. Explain self-inspection.
Ans.
Advantages of self inspection