{"id":7108,"date":"2022-01-19T11:59:43","date_gmt":"2022-01-19T06:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/?p=7108"},"modified":"2022-01-19T11:59:48","modified_gmt":"2022-01-19T06:29:48","slug":"what-are-half-wave-and-full-wave-rectifiers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-are-half-wave-and-full-wave-rectifiers\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Half wave rectifier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Half wave rectifier uses a single diode and is the simplest form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-is-a-pn-junction-diode\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">diode<\/a>.<\/li><li>A step down transformer, diode and load is connected with an A.C supply.<\/li><li>The diode connection is as shown in figure with diode and transformer and load.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Working<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The connection allows the diode to conduct in only one cycle.\u00a0<\/li><li>There are two types of rectifiers, positive and negative rectifiers depending upon the cycle in which they conduct.<\/li><li>The rectifier conducts only in the negative half cycle and produces negative sinusoidal pulses in the output.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>The rectifier conducts only in the positive half cycle and blocks the negative half cycle produces positive <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sine_wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sinusoidal pulses<\/a> in the output.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/FRWisF_J1wbdebhZvAWfM55LrghrctypT2Dg3hGsxB0Yb9Y283d-GJv3OXkuqZH3etZEpA1UceCJYZh60df58RL7gW61i4hKxrnW1EzgTGtz9Hux09S58xJwd7eDOJu6lrvs6XfO\"><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Half wave rectifier specifications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ripple factor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ripple factor is given as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"206\" height=\"61\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/-SQjFiAglIKcqj0V1JZmkMA6WPH82kEmnMT2LiHhEHPNM8-7aEEqM1gRLBJdC3d2y7uWDWTFnBYnniM5KyyeuiCkUycPSu8kX_YLGfOiYqm0kmO6U3GqlZTJc31eGsw0KTbBIt_l\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>DC current<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The DC current is given by,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"141\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/KLHk3zTgMB5I-eqNZFtFfCN30htZITzeAFD7soBF8Y3BloIiODXOtiJmgLUYjwABBP8L--0hxIyl1kpUovEeDUhFkxTvRqp61E_6y4zA7_zfMThZqzZvnt8rYWsz1dWDTVZHocZj\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The maximum DC load current is&nbsp; I<sub>max<\/sub>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Output DC voltage (V<\/strong><strong><sub>DC<\/sub><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The output DC voltage is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"193\" height=\"59\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/tysQtiCFpBFZuWiU0OxAOJA8wPQUHsFuemYnzajjOtmXzXqKn_NH1Z_TpH4XH6WjE3Z7Z70IYFIpIZGG6FmnvSZlqF3Fb-vdB2B00x8H8psibTJLZaxtbTtGOc3nQv935PK83_pl\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Maximum secondary voltage is&nbsp; V<sub>Smax<\/sub>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;Rectifier efficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ratio of output DC power to the input AC power is rectifier efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The half wave rectifier rectifier offers 40.6% efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;Root mean square (RMS)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The root mean square (RMS) value of half wave rectifier is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"119\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/GV8aMa-HVMwV6SQZnf0SP31GG9qzQElAyMBvFDTI6F4JBCClRzDakAb4EczHxvRKKprJLxw95a5oZ3HVUKK5KSnJ33ILFWd9kuKlBPB84epBPeBdjCsKgwQ8173bJnxzoTXur2_I\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The root mean square (RMS) value of a half wave rectifier is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"287\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/q2tBEy2cZdAwS0ThKN1YrOROhRuO897Zp6gewKYlkHPsY2V5CyZtFzVHY8SQp0xYAuIsn0J9LL_M9i7t-2ekHFSoBW4KVnBRWWUp9Hq4mriqGIjrJ6PBcb2NdKq-8Wwcg6wD-8lh\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Form factor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ratio of RMS value to the DC value is form factor\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F.F = RMS value \/ DC value<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The form factor of a half wave rectifier is F.F = 1.57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is cheaper than other rectifiers as it uses only one diode.<\/li><li>It is easy in terms of construction as it requires very few components.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disadvantages:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>There is loss of power<\/li><li>Pulsating direct current<\/li><li>The output voltage produced is low.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Full wave Rectifier<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Classification on the basis of construction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>Center-tapped transformer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/LtxXaeNUV-ZTnV1bAyGI-4oeRW2foZtXrAq-Emj6Dal1UvOuO-gtN8SpMDpFlTBSHYL1LYTnksQWMRg9LZReYy4amclDwlSpq7HYr1Zte3heLnflE-cvDd_K0hR5ToxO7iBqmHLl\"><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The circuit has two diodes connected to a single load (R<sub>L<\/sub>)and each diode conducts alternately. During the positive half cycle the diode D1 conducts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"189\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/vdFoPo6uBEcXxVM2YXQy1Pk15CgUkiig-SjRnTZu7eX424DkcwNcsbjeBjWD553BQ52jIl9-1kPn5qxkwwSiuheZXq6-Lrgz97no868P2VvzpGCgxpxVcngUyGrQCAM8xv9JLgQF\"><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the negative half cycle diode D<sub>2<\/sub> conducts and current flows through resistor R in the same direction in both the half cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"201\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/bpWLNb40WM3PoE1l-s_W2HtyC5P9m9h3PHw36B0hMRu4RjlNsnsDQJEUccpE3JEoltKPoTEE0PuH2-GP8uPIsoSaK5P5Zd1qrig-l5Pz2edi07Z8BBKq7tgz55CyLAtvDTdMwvF-\"><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The output waveform is as shown below<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/zlzC0aNYEGa4lrnSloO0IajI9lu3wuByCZobwlkYDbZD905J83UMuOD-ZalTI6cOftZiO48SAQPrLv7Fi1TPBDQVAgGZk0bytj7mjGkotn4scj8j7YsaX_eTW_VkYGkxPTWUSHty\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As both diodes conduct in their respective half cycles, the final output waveform obtained shows the continuous wave for every half cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>Bridge Rectifier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/K8FqsrXugPY8NJFGfJTcGwuESigpuvFY5RQWaS5N6A6GWO7tiruD4jjqYzEyR3Xgw-WlOsgkUlo3a47YBty0hNBcWkGbgYW8IOCrBEQB5xSj58SXoxz9bunjkSUNaggsDAU-Wxxl\"><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The circuit has four diodes connected as a bridge as we can see from the above figure.<\/li><li>The use of four diodes in the form of bridge does not require any center tap transformer.\u00a0 This also reduces the circuit cost. Hence transformer secondary is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and other side to the load<\/li><li>There are four diodes but only two diodes conduct in each half cycle.<\/li><li>The diodes D2 and D3 both conduct in the positive half cycle also D1 and D4 are reversed biased.<\/li><li>The diodes D1 and D4 both conduct in the negative half cycle also D2 and D3 are reversed biased.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Output Waveform:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"405\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/aReX5nXaibEi7PsBucUNs0G-W7lv_8XNQQRkwnUT9aSoHf4Pl-KjkCw-i8Tyth2-qL9L75HN6NcKJEFkyRpTGtiUqnTMlgMhiuorRrf9wUIx9-H8AVH_WknFd_Erq3gQmM0KVN5S\"><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Full wave rectifier specifications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ripple factor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ripple factor is expressed as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"155\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/Cu5JMLgMVwmgifapvUkzwBDY5DRHMaP6bfN02v79VBvHHNx6D4K1si0hkW4a8YCJT-qOsBUvNKuvA0qROnvSpjPOxlgyoewA2bdUlJOAoubmlWxTJcRpzw9Lug7G3MsRkPeddEGp\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore full wave rectifier offers\u00a0 \u03b3 = 0.48<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rectifier efficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ratio of DC output power to the AC input power is rectifier efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u03b7 = output power P<sub>DC<\/sub> \/ input power P<sub>AC<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore full wave rectifier offers 81.2%. efficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Peak inverse voltage (PIV)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The peak inverse voltage is the reverse bias condition in which the maximum voltage which a diode can offer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then peak inverse voltage (PIV) = 2V<sub>smax<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;DC output current<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The current produced by D<sub>2<\/sub> is I<sub>max<\/sub> \/ \u03c0 and then current produced by D<sub>3<\/sub> is I<sub>max<\/sub> \/ \u03c0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, the output current I<sub>DC<\/sub> = 2I<sub>max <\/sub>\/ \u03c0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>where, I<sub>max <\/sub>= maximum DC load current<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DC output voltage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The DC output voltage at the load resistor&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V<sub>DC<\/sub> = 2V<sub>max<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Root mean square (RMS) value&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The root mean square (RMS) value of is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"115\" height=\"46\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/AYmKkz7nKDpuiAIRUdRocWWAHsRKm3NmnTS2DZ6y5aOQszpiA_99WD368GjLEmK-wv9mp2r7izdRYVyc9CTcRjTUVnLFRIPPuJyIupxSYbd7lG2HCT_-TAo8koKm0C_Eapj93UC8\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then root mean square (RMS) value of full wave rectifier is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"239\" height=\"51\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/14lLozpzsbBDIQq-xDVC_YrqifOIxm6FfWoJgPwtUszdcPlLE8b2Cbjb9rGTxTD0_5Qf1BQ3BN9LWNVGD2PkdFHGZQilwqletgb9cimYFFbxRW75TgPma3bXZSklxdIqkqqm8RUU\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Form factor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The form factor then becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F.F = RMS value of current \/ DC output current<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The full wave rectifier offers F.F = 1.11<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Half wave rectifier uses a single diode and is the simplest form of diode. The connection allows the diode to conduct in only one cycle.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":6397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electronics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What are Half wave and Full wave Rectifiers? - Goseeko blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Half wave rectifier uses a single diode and is the simplest form of diode. 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