{"id":6533,"date":"2021-09-27T14:38:48","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T09:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/?p=5622"},"modified":"2026-02-12T17:32:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T12:02:15","slug":"what-is-an-instrumentation-amplifier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-is-an-instrumentation-amplifier\/","title":{"rendered":"What is an Instrumentation Amplifier? Definition, working, and advantages"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>There are three operational amplifiers in the circuit of an Instrumentation Amplifier. The input of the differential amplifier is a non-inverting amplifier. For exact measurement of each input data from transduces this circuit provides high input impedance. The basic circuit for instrumentation amplifiers is shown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"181\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/PIoGq2V9VUmXxouFs2rD_dVnmm479lrzh3lW1COEwNK7DZjFfMicjMQtd6c7FJPVN6VJ_oa6mn2LU5LWJZ5kvS3rLgiDJ4BZb_AUVydiazucZB8CHFZZAzdcN7Ef51LeymQrDbpe=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The input stage of the inverting amplifier is formed by connecting two non-inverting amplifiers represented as op-amps 1 and 2 in the above figure. The output stage of the instrumentation amplifier is a difference amplifier which is the op-amp 3 in the figure above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Working<\/strong> of Instrumentation Amplifier<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The output voltage V<sub>out<\/sub> of the difference amplifier is actually the output stage of the instrumentation amplifier. This output voltage Vout is then the difference between the input signals applied at the input terminals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us consider&nbsp; V<sub>o1<\/sub> and V<sub>o2<\/sub> the output voltages of the two op-amps 1 and 2 respectively. Then the value of&nbsp; voltage V<sub>out<\/sub> of difference amplifier is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"44\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/LaKVwd3fWwzxk9Nmc7aBXkj3Vj4Lgr_kSxA_FlKxyP_XK8VqRP3d0M5NM6KqImPSEIPOmAH7HH58hFRLwGQ5u40Ijt6hDcjLIcT3S6BfQrqZ2Ba88RfVoKlwVncc07f6OPpAAeni=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The value of voltages V<sub>o1 <\/sub>and V<sub>o2<\/sub> is in terms of the input voltages and resistances. The input stage of the instrumentation amplifier is also shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"183\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/vxxW65n8ezDAczhNYDvA8VSSphp3SyhmjtqEM5diIVCQzWdKq8vdB6eFSLu3CeV_EvlXWy_cFi3JLxMNCNGKZjLCCbUqd_3ZPbP8TwML4uA1ZPjCxpxmdAvLgRLOsMYmZgXPRwM3=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the value of input voltage as V<sub>1<\/sub> at node A. From the virtual ground concept, the value of the voltage at node B will be V<sub>1 <\/sub>. At node G the potential will also be equal to V<sub>1 <\/sub>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the value of input voltage as V<sub>2<\/sub> at node D. From the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virtual_ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">virtual ground concept<\/a> the value of the voltage at node C will be V<sub>2 <\/sub>. At node H the potential will also be equal to V<sub>2 <\/sub>.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The value of current at input stage is zero because we consider the ideal case. Therefore, the value of current remains same in all the resistors R<sub>1<\/sub>, R<sub>gain<\/sub> and R<sub>1<\/sub>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At node E and F from Ohm\u2019s Law, we can write<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"423\" height=\"123\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/ChApA5sU5iuEirOlgtWucCsqHOAmMPKMopcv48Q2_MO1i4HsuduQgvkvj9-AvJNbcgjdyg6_UQbVSjAX3gQ76JWveg3yhMsUaRsYtOxkSoAo0E2WMaTAUO6kWmFNAZcYrWEXjwo7=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As there is no input current at the input stage hence, value of current between node G and H will be<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/nOBLBS5ccmShAPuakULAROW-ZRod3UTV9hZO9AOkAlntLHwfJSD4-1_QzZL1TZCvvaVp2k9doHuBjjaCc4JhuaCwOynLBsYjPtYk2KLbBGmkhKDL8tfdMfxV98MkWSGaVA8ASDYO=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Equating both equations 1 and 2,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"113\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/ysKHKipM_93UM0JxmIQ28Ebyj8MHQnIDyqD1q0JJMb9PPa1tSGUqPvL5NJZSVqLRLdMAu85-kULz1yeG9LcK1vk6ZickQ2seowGJTlATTAJV7nLWmrlk0kZSws_10yKHs5f2Ug_Y=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The output of the difference amplifier is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"68\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/z-69km--n_hHij0hkdgokyEXDgbSbun88xHDLyij4Ycz9A78mXroxyg-qGUG_Py7lAglQihcje-OBD5RAIs-uvUbUfmhwLr5QIvutbD7kXcIDT1P9Rt5W-V6sDnBTrrs46Xjzv7I=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"36\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/pTM6VbXcvnIZn-TgQmN_7vq0fbA2jfJ-IAl7W9wrzppVs8qtQV268KE-IajkF4Mux7TzY4IAYqquJyfN5dAmqdRHlJbMhBFBBG-tmMBm_CcI0YK9Ho8l6YHEt4_7Z1ONXkG9KqCA=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In equation 3 we substitute (V<sub>o1<\/sub> \u2013 V<sub>o2<\/sub>) value<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"42\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/k9QTnuJA6WoNA_jKGmO1eYYW02sqg5ntfadodw1cwSLdK8Fo4CjKR4rgjr-kLZVAf_y7T-MnA4e6d8xOQNKtXiRUIzKgFtpPTnhlxnD_izXbEvu7RYlfnUpQlmA7Ho9HP86MSu6F=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"44\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/MBdtpKhzhdPx3vpmMnooHnUIjdBpjufm4xFtKckHXs_E6v0wyMMaOJXE4XRg45_Btk7vsHioTPUCBO_mFBkaS2O0i5uEPUQavoqMuJsSgzzcDCLeIdimln_4EVjYXtjFcYxgcayv=s0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The output voltage of an instrumentation amplifier is in the above equation. The value of the overall gain of the amplifier is (R<sub>3<\/sub>\/R<sub>2<\/sub>) {(2R<sub>1<\/sub>+R<sub>gain<\/sub>)\/R<sub>gain<\/sub>}.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Also by varying the value of resistor R<sub>gain<\/sub> the gain of a three op-amp instrumentation amplifier circuit can be easily varied and controlled without changing the circuit structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The value of gain of the amplifier depends upon the external resistor. Then by choosing the resistor value carefully we can easily set the gain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As the non-inverting amplifiers form the input stage of the instrumentation amplifier. The value of input impedance of a non-inverting amplifier is very high.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The value of the output impedance of the difference amplifier is low and this also the output stage of the instrumentation amplifier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since the value of CMRR of the op-amp 3 is very high because of which almost all of the common mode signals will be rejected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Interested in learning about similar topics? Here are a few hand-picked blogs for you!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-is-zigbee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is ZigBee?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-are-encoders-and-decoders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Encoders and Decoders<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-is-uart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Working of UART<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualified.cl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.qualified.cl\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-is-fft\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Classification of FFT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/what-is-fourier-transform\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fourier Transform and its properties<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are three operational amplifiers in the circuit of an Instrumentation Amplifier of which two non inverting amplifiers are the inputs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":5115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electronics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is an Instrumentation Amplifier? 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