{"id":4491,"date":"2021-09-23T07:30:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-23T07:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/?p=4491"},"modified":"2021-10-30T07:40:29","modified_gmt":"2021-10-30T07:40:29","slug":"__trashed-21__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.goseeko.com\/blog\/__trashed-21__trashed\/","title":{"rendered":"What are moments?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Moments<\/a> are the statistical tools that we use to describe the characteristics of a distribution. in Statistics, these are the arithmetic means of first, second, third and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usually in any frequency distribution, four moments we call them first, second, third and fourth moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The four moments describe the information about mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of a frequency distribution<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These are classified as raw and central moments. Raw moments are measured about any arbitrary point A. When we take A as the mean then we get the central moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first raw moment about origin is mean whereas the first central moment is zero. The second raw and central moments are mean square deviation and variance, respectively. The third and fourth moments we use to measure the skewness and kurtosis.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moments about mean [Central moments]<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

If x1, x2, …, xn are the values of the variable under consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The r\u2019th moment \u03bc_r about mean is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Moments about mean for a frequency distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If x<\/em>1, x<\/em>2, …, xn <\/em>are the values of a variable x <\/em>with the corresponding frequencies f<\/em>1, f<\/em>2, …, fn <\/em>respectively then r\u2019<\/em>th moment  about the mean <\/em>is defined as<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In particular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hence for any distribution, note it here<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Now for r = 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hence for any distribution,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

For r = 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Similarly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Moments about an arbitrary number [Raw moments]<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

If x1, x2, …, xn are the values of the variable under consideration, the r\u2019th moment about the number x = a is defined as<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Relation between moments about mean and moment about any point:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In particular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Moment generating function (mgf)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The moment generating function of the variate x about x = a is defined as the expected value of  and is denoted  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Where \u2018 is the moment of order  about <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Thus the moment generating function about the point moment generating function about the origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karl Pearson\u2019s coefficients<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Skewness<\/strong>:<\/a> It is the measurement of the symmetry of the given distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a distribution, if the tail on one side of the mode<\/a>(top point of a distribution) is fatter than other then we can say that the distribution is skewed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u03b2_1 – We use this measure for skewness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

  for any symmetrical distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 does not tell about the direction of skewness whether it is positive or negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So that we use <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Which is the Karl Pearson\u2019s coefficient of skewness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurtosis:<\/strong> It measures the degree of peakedness of a distribution and is the measure of kurtosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

If , – normal, mesokurtic<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If , – peaked, leptokurtic<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If , – flat topped, platykurtic<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interested in learning about similar topics? Here are a few hand-picked blogs for you!<\/p>\n\n\n\n